肾病变的

Immunohistochemistry and imaging analysis were used for detecting the intensity of expression of u-PA and PAI-1 in renal biopsied tissue of 50 cases with various types of LN and 10 cases with minor glomerular lesions, the results were analyzed correlatively with PCNA cells and type IV collagen.

方法对50例不同类型的LN和10例原发性肾小球轻微病变的肾活检组织，采用免疫组化及图象分析法比较观察了u-PA和PAI-1在肾小球的表达强度，并与肾小球增殖细胞核抗原阳性细胞数和Ⅳ型胶原染色强度作相关分析。

Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound(1) Renal occupied lesions: the contrast-enhanced imaging feature of renal cell carcinomas are multiformity. It was different in time of start-enhancing and start- expurgation and intensio.3 cases revealed wash-in contemporarily and 6 cases revealed wash- in quickly in time of start-enh ancing.In time of start-expurgating, 3 cases showed wash-out quickly, 3cases revealed wash-out contemporarily,3 cases showed wash-out slowly,6 cases revealed a higher contrast enhancement and 3 cases revealed a even contrast enhancement in enhancing intension; 4 cases with renal cyst s,outline had more clear and inside had no contrast media washing in and enhancing;3cases with renal angiomyolipomas washed in slowly,washed out slowly and equal or low enhanced ; 2cases with renal columnar hypertrophy were no outline appearance and the same enhancement and ech o as the nomal rena tissue.

超声造影诊断结果：(1)肾占位性病变：9例肾透明细胞癌，其超声造影表现多种多样，造影后肾脏恶性病灶造影开始增强的时间、开始廓清的时间及增强强度不等，在开始增强的时间方面，与正常肾皮质同时灌注增强的有3例，表现为快进的有6例，在开始廓清的时间方面，快退3例，同退3例，慢退3例，在增强的强度方面，6例病灶表现为高增强，3例为等增强表现；4例肾囊性病灶，超声造影轮廓较二维超声清晰，但内部始终未见增强；3例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤表现为慢进慢退，回声呈等、低增强表现；2例肾柱肥大超声造影无明显包块轮廓出现，造影增强的动态变化时间、强度与正常肾组织一致。

Risk factors of ARAS existing are smoking、coronary disease、Peripheral vascular disease、hyperlipidemia、renal insufficience、hypertesion, and independent predictors are hyperlipidemia、smoking、coronary artery disease and Peripheral vascular disease.

2预示ARAS存在的高危因素有冠脉病变、外周血管病变、吸烟、高血脂、肾功能不全、高血压，其独立预测因素为高血脂、冠脉病变、吸烟、外周血管病变。

Theurinary IL-6 level positively correlated with density of glomerular matrix membrane, global sclerosis, fiber or fibrocellular crescents and interstitial fibrosis (p. 05). According to the degree of density of glomerular matrix membrane and interstitial fibrosis, urinary Col-IV level had better correlation than urinary TGF-betal and IL-6 levels.In IgAN, Col-IV showed increased expression in diseased renal tissue whereas the site of expression of TGF-betal was mainly localized within the cytoplasm of tubular epithelial cells. Interstial expressionwas also present but glomerular TGF-betal expression was found only in patients with heavy mesangial proliferation. There was a significant correlation between glomerular positivity for Col-IV and severity of histological damage. There was also a significant correlation between positivity for TGF-betal and Col-IV in the tubular epithelial and interstitial lesions. In contrast, there was no ralationship between glomerular positivity for TGF-betal and severity of histological damage.The urinary TGF-betal level paralleled tubular TGF-betal expression.

结果 ①IgAN患者尿TGF-β1、IL-6、Col-Ⅳ水平较健康人明显增高(P＜0.01)，该变化与血中的浓度无关(P＞0.05)；②尿TGF-β1水平与小管间质TGF-β1阳性表达呈正相关(P=0.000)，而与小球TGF-β1阳性表达无关(P＞0.05)，尿Col-Ⅳ水平与小球和小管间质Col-Ⅳ阳性表达均呈良好的相关性(P＜0.01)，还与小管间质TGF-β1阳性表达呈正相关(P＜0.05)：③小球Col-Ⅳ阳性表达与肾组织慢性病变密切相关(P＜0.05)，小管间质Col-Ⅳ和TGF-β1阳性表达均与肾小管间质病变呈良好的相关性(P＜0.01)，而小球TGF-β1阳性表达与肾组织损伤无关(P＞0.05)；④尿TGF-β1、Col-Ⅳ水平与肾小球基质基底膜面密度、小管间质病变呈正相关(P＜0.01)，与小球内细胞数呈负相关(P＜0.05)，该结果与其在组织中的表达一致；尿IL-6水平浙江大学硕士学位论文尿TGF一B一、IL一6和Col一IV在IgA肾病中的应用价值与基质基底膜面密度、球性硬化、纤维或细胞纤维新月体所占肾小球百分数及小管间质病变均有显著的相关性(F.05)；在轻度肾病理损伤时，尿'l'G卜pl、I卜6、Col一IV水平即升高，而尿Col一W在反映细胞外基质积聚和间质纤维化程度上比尿TGF一pl和IL一6有更好的相关性。

We conclude that (1) S100A1 is a specific and sensitive immunohistochemical marker to differentiate nephrogenic adenoma from prostatic adenocarcinoma;(2) AMACR immunostaining does not seem to be a useful marker in distinguishing between these 2 lesions;(3) given that both S100A1 and AMACR have been reported to be expressed in renal tubular cells and in a subset of renal cell neoplasms, our findings confirm the histogenetic relationship between nephrogenic adenoma and renal tubular epithelium.

我们总结认为：（1）鉴别肾源性腺瘤和前列腺腺癌，S100A1既特异又敏感；（2）AMACR免疫染色鉴别这两种病变，效用不佳；（3）文献报道S100A1和AMACR均表达于肾小管上皮和部分肾细胞肿瘤，在此前提下，我们的结果证实了肾源性腺瘤和肾小管上皮之间的组织发生关系。

CCSK is a rare type of renal neoplasm in childhood and its diagnosis relies mainly on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. It is important to be familiar with the morphological variants of CCSK to avoid confusion with other similar lesions, such as Wilm's tumor, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, malignant rhabdoid tumor of kidney, primitive neuroectodermal tumor.

CCSK是一种罕见的儿童期恶性肾肿瘤，诊断主要依靠组织病理学和免疫组化，熟悉其形态学变异有利于与其它类似病变如肾母细胞瘤、先天性中胚叶肾瘤、肾恶性横纹肌样瘤、原始神经外胚叶肿瘤等鉴别。

Clear cell carcinomas that may occur in the lower urinary tract include variants of the more common cancers such as prostatic adenocarcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma as well as infrequent carcinomas such as clear cell carcinoma, which is similar to that of mullerian origin and metastatic renal cell carcinoma.8 A benign process that occasionally has been reported to show marked clear cell change is nephrogenic adenoma, a lesion that is considered a benign metaplastic process.3,5,12 Perhaps because of the great histo

透明细胞癌可能发生在较低泌尿系统包括变异更常见的癌症如前列腺腺癌和过渡细胞癌以及罕见的癌如透明细胞癌，它是相似的苗勒管起源和转移性肾细胞癌 18亿美元的良性碾压工艺，偶尔被报告显示标记为透明细胞变化腺瘤，被视为是一种良性病变的化生 process.3，5，12也许因为伟大的历史

Results: in contrast with model group, SSM can (1) increase the survival rate of ARF in rats, cut down Scr and BUN at 24hr, improve renal function, slightly surpass Vp in its therapeutic effect;(2) mitigate the extent of renal pathologicchanges, decrease the numbers of renal tubule necroses and casts;(3) protect renal ultrastructure such as microvilli, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum of TEC, podocytic process of glomerulus epithelial cell,endothelial cell etc, better than Vp;(4) enhance SOD activity, lower MDA contents in renal cortex;(5) enhance NO contents in serum, reduce ET levels in plasma;(6) evidently cut down TNF- a contents in serum, superior to Vp;(7) antagonize calcium overload in TEC;(8) alleviate renal pathological changes in ARF metaphase (at 3d), advance regeneration and recovery of TEC, restore renal structure in ARF convalescence (at 5d), and better than Vp;(9) increase the expression of TEC PCNA and prepro EGFmRNA in ARF metaphase.

结果：与模型组相比，SSM能(1)提高ARF大鼠的存活率，降低24hr时Scr及BUN，改善肾功能，其疗效略优于维拉帕米；(2)减轻ARF肾脏病变程度，减少24hr肾小管坏死数及管腔内管型数；(3)对肾脏的超微结构如肾小管上皮细胞微绒毛、线粒体、内质网、肾小球上皮细胞足突、内皮细胞等形态结构均有一定的保护作用，其疗效略优于维拉帕米；(4)提高肾皮质SOD活性，降低MDA含量；(5)提高血清NO水平，同时降低血浆ET含量；(6)显著降低血清TNF-α的水平，疗效明显优于维拉帕米；(7)拮抗小管上皮细胞[Ca~(2+)]_i的升高；(8)使ARF中期(第3d时)肾组织病变较同期其它两组明显减轻，并使肾小管细胞再生修复提前，至ARF恢复期(第5d时)肾组织结构恢复重建良好；作用明显优于维拉帕米；(9)促进ARF中期肾小管上皮细胞PCNA的表达及EGF前体mRNA的合成，从而增加EGF的合成释放，而维拉帕米无此作用。

Perfusion characteristics, including blood flow, blood volume, and permeability of renal mass parenchyma and renal cortex in affected and normal kidneys were calculated from Siemens Body PCT (VB20B) software, and the perfusion characteristics among renal mass parenchyma and renal cortex in affected and normal kidneys were compared.

比较不同病理类型肾脏占位病变实质间灌注特征的差异，以及占位病变实质、患侧正常肾皮质及健侧肾皮质灌注特征的差异。

Adherence rates to plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1C (A1C), urinalysis, renal function test, lipid profile, liver function test, and eye ground exam in the NHI-DM population was 76.3%, 42.7%, 40.2%, 59.7%, 59.2%, 53.2%, and 16.8%, respectively.

以收录的2259位糖尿病人健保申报资料分析，一年当中约有76.3%、42.7%、40.2%、59.7%、59.2%、53.2%、16.8%的病人曾经接受至少一次血糖、糖化血色素、尿液、肾功能、血脂、肝功能以及视网膜病变的检查。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。