肾小球

Methods: Separated 120 cases with glomerular diseases into chronic glomerular nephritis group (70 cases, including 33 cases with normal serum creatinine, 17 cases with azotemia, 20 cases with uremia, 33 cases accompanied with hypertension), acute nephritis group (12 cases), nephritic syndrome group (38 cases), and selected 30 healthy cases as control group. Detected concentration of NO in serum with nitrate reductase method, and made comparison among groups.

120例肾小球疾病患者分为慢性肾小球肾炎组（70例，其中血清肌酐正常33例，氮质血症17例，尿毒症20例，伴有高血压33例）、急性肾炎组（12例）、肾病综合征组（38例），同期选择30例健康体检者作为对照组，采用稍酸还原酶法测定肾小球疾病患者及对照组血浆NO浓度，并对各组NO浓度进行比较。

Immunohistochemistry and imaging analysis were used for detecting the intensity of expression of u-PA and PAI-1 in renal biopsied tissue of 50 cases with various types of LN and 10 cases with minor glomerular lesions, the results were analyzed correlatively with PCNA cells and type IV collagen.

方法对50例不同类型的LN和10例原发性肾小球轻微病变的肾活检组织，采用免疫组化及图象分析法比较观察了u-PA和PAI-1在肾小球的表达强度，并与肾小球增殖细胞核抗原阳性细胞数和Ⅳ型胶原染色强度作相关分析。

By the end of this lab, you are expected to be able to identify the normal glomerulus and its structural components, and develop a basic understanding of the patterns of glomerular damage in classical diseases of the glomerulus.

这个实验结束时，你应该要能够分辨正常的肾小球与其结构，并建构典型肾小球疾病中肾小球损伤型态的基本认识。

1.To study the expression of in the different glucose concentration with the time changing. 2.To study the effect of different concentration of Hepatocyte Growth Factor on the Integrin-linked kinase in protein and mRNA level by Mesangial Cells in high concentration (25 mmol/L) of glucose. 3.To study the effect of different concentration of HGF on the Fibronectin'secretary by Mesangial Cells. 4.To study latent therapeutic action and possible mechanism of HGF on the glomeruler sclerosis. The difference of ILK's experession on mRNA level in different concentration of glucose and HGF are detected by means of revers transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and by means of immunohistochemistry to detect their difference in protein level;the effection of HGF to the FN's secretary in high glucose are detected by means of enzyme linked innunosorbent assay.

1探讨在不同的血糖浓度下大鼠肾小球系膜细胞中ILK伴随时间变化在蛋白和mRNA水平表达的差异 2探讨不同浓度的HGF对高糖环境下(25mmol/L)大鼠肾小球系膜细胞中ILK在蛋白和mRNA水平表达的影响 3探讨不同浓度的HGF对高糖环境下大鼠肾小球系膜细胞的FN的分泌的影响 4初步探讨HGF对肾小球硬化的潜在的治疗作用及其可能机制采用RT-PCR的方法分析在不同血糖浓度和不同HGF浓度下大鼠肾小球系膜细胞中ILK在mRNA水平表达的差异；采用免疫组织化学的方法直观的观察它们在蛋白水平表达的差异；采用ELISA法分析不同浓度的HGF对高糖环境下大鼠肾小球系膜细胞的FN的分泌的影响。

Methods: Effect of SKI, a herbal preparation for lowering adverse Qi, despelling turbidness, supplementing Qi and activating circulation, and Benazepril were observed by cultured glomerular mesangial cell technique in vitro.Results: SKI could inhibit the fibronetin, laminin, and type Ⅳ collagen of ECM, and the action was dose-dependent.

肾小球硬化是多种原因引起肾小球损伤后出现的共同转归，是慢性肾功能衰竭的主要病理基矗近年来，随着对肾小球硬化机制认识的不断深入，肾小球系膜细胞、细胞外基质及各种细胞因子在肾功能进行性减退过程中所起的作用倍受关注。

In order to investigate the role of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression were evaluated from both protein and gene level by in vivo and in vitro study, We have conducted (1) immunocytochemical analysis and in situ hybridization to examine the alteration in expression of ICAM-1 and it's relationship with interstitial infiltrating cells and TNFα; A total of 64 renal biopsies were classified in three groups according to the degree of cellular proliferation and infiltration in glomerulus;(2) indirect immunofluoresence and immunoblotting. methods to detect the VCAM-1 level both in renal tissue and in serum from the patients of lupus nephritis (17cases) and crescentic nephritis (4 cases);(3) Cell ELISA and northern blot technique to study the effects of TNFα and IL-1β on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 surface expression and gene expression by cultured human mesangial cells .

为了探讨ICAM-1和VCAM-1在肾小球疾病中的作用，本文从蛋白质和基因两个水平，整体（研究ICAM-1时根据肾小球内细胞增生和浸润程度，将64例病人分为A.B.C三组）和细胞培养两个方面，做了如下工作，（1）利用免疫细胞化学和原位杂交技术观察了ICAM-1在64例肾小球疾病患者中的表达及其与间质浸润细胞、TNFα之间的关系；（2）利用间接免疫荧光和膜免疫印迹方法检测了VCAM-1在17例狼疮肾炎和4例新月体肾炎病人肾组织及血清中的表达；（3）利用细胞ELISA和Northern杂交技术研究了IL-1β或TNFα对体外培养的人肾小球系膜细胞ICAM-1和／或VCAM-1表面表达及mRNA表达的调节作用。

Hemorheology was determined in 55 cases of hematuria (30 cases of glomerulose hema- turia and 25 cases of nonglomerulose hematuria).

观察55例血尿病人（其中肾小球性血尿30例，非肾小球性血尿25例）的血液流变学的指标，结果表明肾小球性血尿和非肾小球性血尿有显著差异（P＜0.01）。

In order to distinguish the type of GFP positive cells in glomeruli further, we also carried out fluorescence histochemistry double staining, the results of it were: the GFP positive cells in recipients glomeruli in mice of the four, five, six groups were blood cells in glomeruli capillary loop, but not the glomeruli resident cells, for example, endothelial cells, epithelial cells or intercapillary cells.

为了进一步鉴别受体鼠肾小球内GFP阳性细胞的种类，我们进行了免疫荧光组织化学双染色，结果显示：④、⑤、⑥组受体鼠肾小球内的GFP阳性细胞可能是肾小球毛细血管袢内的血细胞而非肾小球的固有细胞，即内皮细胞、上皮细胞或系膜细胞。

All rats were killed twelve weeks later, the right kidneies were used for observing pathological change, and the expression of MCP-1 in nephridial tissue were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results (1) Change of morphology: the structure of renal tubule was normal in control group, most glomcruluses were segmented sclerosis in GS group, the renal lesions in valsartan group was minorer than this in GS group.

结果 (1)形态学改变：对照组大鼠肾小管结构正常；肾小球硬化组多数肾小球呈节段性硬化，许多肾小球及肾小管受累；缬沙坦治疗组肾脏病变轻于肾小球硬化组，且肾小球硬化指数明显低于肾小球硬化组(P.01)；(2)MCP-1的表达：对照组肾小管中有少量MCP-1的表达，在肾小球内几乎不表达，在肾小球硬化组和缬沙坦治疗组肾小球及肾小管内表达皆强于正常对照组(P.01)。

The expressions of VEGF mRNA in renal cortex in B and group C increased greatly compared with A group at 8th week(P.01), And the expression was decreased more in C group than that in B group at the 8th week;④The light microscopes results showed that no pathological changes in group A; pathological changes were much obvious in group B:glomerular capillary lumen tumbling,lumens blocked,mesangial region widened,basal lamina thicking,mesenterium base inceased,the volume of glomerulus become large,cell population increased,renal tubule vacuolization, renal interstitium was infiltrated by lots of lymphocyte and mononuclear macrophage; pathological changes in group C was light,only see glomerular capillary lumen lightly stegnosis,few lymphocyte infiltrating.

免疫组化结果显示第8周B组大鼠肾皮质VEGF蛋白含量较A组显著增加(P.01)，C组VEGF含量较B组有明显减少(P.01)，C组较A组表达量仍然增加(P.01)；③第8周B组肾皮质VEGF mRNA表达较A组有明显上调(P.01)，与B组相比，辛伐他汀可以明显减少C组肾皮质VEGF mRNA表达；④光学显微镜下A组肾小球毛细血管腔均匀一致，无狭窄，肾小管-间质无炎症细胞浸润。B组则病变较明显：大鼠肾小球毛细血管袢塌陷，管腔闭塞，系膜区增宽，基膜增厚和系膜基质增多，肾小球体积增大，出现玻璃样变；肾小管尤其是近区小管肿胀、变性、空泡形成，肾间质可见大量淋巴细胞和单核巨噬细胞浸润。C组病变较轻，可见肾小球毛细血管管腔轻度狭窄，肾小管-间质见少量淋巴细胞浸润。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。