肾下的

Results Eleven cases of TBMN in children were showed as isolated hematuria, glomerule with normal appearance or slight change and characterized by diffuse thin basement membrane in ultrastructural observation( the thickness of GBM＜ 200 nm, and dense-layer＜ 100 nm).

结果：11例小儿TBMN临床主要表现为单纯血尿，无其它明显的阳性体征，光镜下肾小球无明显改变或轻微异常，未见蛋白管型，包曼囊内及肾小管腔内可见渗出的红细胞，电镜下GBM广泛变薄，平均厚度＜200 nm，致密层厚度＜100 nm。

Results (1) 6 cases of Tuberous Sclerosis. Diffused subependymal nodular calcification lesions were found in all cases on unenhenced CT. 4 patients are 2 pairs of mother/child relationship. Both of the two mothers are found to suffer from renal angiomyolipoma.(2)1 case of neurofibromatosis showed abnormal spinal canal: scoliosis of thoracic and lumbar spine, concave change of vertebral posterior border. Bilateral renal hypogenesis was found in this patient. Diffused hyper-density lesions were found in kidney and fatty accumulation was found in back skin.(3)6 cases of Sturge-Weber syndrome. On unenhenced CT, curving and strip-shaped calcifications were found along the parietal and occipital gyrus.

结果 ①结节性硬化6例，所有病例CT平扫见两侧脑室室管膜下多发小结节状高密度钙化灶，其中4例为两对母子关系，并见两位母亲合并有肾脏错构瘤，；②神经纤维瘤病1例，MRI表现为椎管异常，胸腰段脊柱侧弯，椎体后缘呈明显的切凹改变；伴有双肾发育不良，CT示肾内多个高密度影，背部皮肤多量脂肪堆积，③脑颜面血管瘤综合征6例， CT可见顶枕部沿脑回分布的弯曲的条状高密度钙化，部分延伸致侧脑室内，增强后见病灶内有扭曲的条状和结节状明显强化的血管影；④小脑血管瘤病4例，影像学表现为小脑内大囊、小结节样占位性病变。

The results of MTT method In vitro culture renal tubular cells showed that the proliferous activity changed from sightly to dramatically intensed in response to fluoride concentration from 0.1mg/L to 15mg/L, but renal tubular cells proliferation obviously decreased in the 25mg F-/L group.

利用生物化学方法检测氧化应激指标，结果表明在钙营养充分的条件下，投氟100mg/L 16周大鼠肾组织GPX活性不是下降而是明显提高，脂质过氧化物变化不明显；低钙饲养条件下投氟100mg/L 16周大鼠抗氧化酶SOD活性亦有明显升高，而GPX却呈降低趋势。

According to the arra ngem ent of phloem and xylem, shape of xylem and the Arranging way of xylem rays, the midrib-bundles were divided into five forms :(1) amphicribral round bundle;(2 ) pinnate-ray amphicribral reniform bundle;(3) fan-ray amphicribral reniform b undle;(4) almost-amphicribral bundle;(5) collateral bundle.

根据中脉维管束结构特点：木质部与韧皮部的位置，木质部的形状，木射线排列的方式，可分为5个类型：（1）圆形周韧维管束；（2）羽线肾形周韧维管束；（3）扇线肾形周韧维管束；（4）近周韧维管束；（5）下韧维管束。

Among the cases, 48 were treated by ultrasound guided percutaneous drainage and ethanol sclerotherapy, 86 by retroperitoneal laparoscopic unroofing, 11 by small incision, and 13 by traditional lumbar incision.

回顾性分析2001年4月～2004年3月158例肾囊肿患者的临床资料，其中B超引导下经皮肾穿刺注射无水乙醇硬化治疗48例、后腹腔镜手术治疗86例、小切口手术治疗11例及传统的经腰部切口治疗13例。

Methods The clinical data of 30 cases receiving glaparoscopic renalcyst unroofing from February 2002 to March 2005 and 15 cases receiving open renalcyst unroofing from February 2002 to February 2004 were retrospectively analyzed.

回顾分析腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术30例及开放性肾囊肿去顶术30例的临床资料，就两组术前抑郁与焦虑的心理评分、手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复情况、术后下床活动时间、抗生素应用时间、止痛药应用次数、恢复正常工作时间、手术治疗费用、住院总费用、术后住院总天数等指标进行比较。

objective to evaluate efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsyfor treating ureteral stones in situ,investigate the cause of higher re-treatment rate.methods total of 687 patients with ureteral stone were received eswl between january 2000 and december 2004,included 455 male(66.2%) and 232 female(33.8%) patients,6 cases have bilateral ureteral calculi,12 cases have unilateral multiple calculi.hence,together 709 ureteral calculi were treated.patients upper ureteral calculi were treated in the supine position,for lower ureteral calculi patients were turned prone.to reduce eswl-induced renal trauma and pain,using lower energy source,adjusted power setting from 9.8 to 13.2kv,limited 1500 shock wavs per one session.no auxiliary procedure were used before eswl.the stone size was measured as the surface area of stone length by stone width on x-ray film.the interval between two treatment sessions was two weeks.results of 709 ureteral calculi,the overall stone free rate was 97.3%(690 calculi),re-treatment rate was 34.1%(292 calculi).according to the performed treatment sessions,one session 467 calculi,the mean stone size 37.27mm2,stone free rate 65.4%(464 calculi).two sessions 138 calculi,the mean stone size 62.48mm2,stone free rate 18.4%(131calculi).three sessions 52 calculi,the mean stone size 79.60mm2,stone free rate 7.1%(50calculi).four sessions 19 calculi,the mean stone size 101.63mm2,stone free rate 2.4%(17calculi).fivesessions 33 calculi,the mean stone size 119.33mm2,stone free rate 3.9%(28 calculi).overall 19 cases(2.7%)turned to other treatment modalities.of 335 upper ureteral calculi,303 achieved stone free (95.8%),re-treatment rate was 38.5%(129 calculi).of 374 lower ureteral calculi,369 achieved stone free(98.7%),re-treatment rate was 30.2%(113 calculi).the re-treatment rate of upper ureteral calculi was higher than lower ureteral calculi(p＜0.05,χ2=5.40).the difference of stone-free rate between upper and lower ureteral calculi was no significant(p＞0.05,χ2=0.15).conclusion eswl should be considered first line therapy for ureteral stone still.stone burden are the main variable of higher re-treatment rate,upper ureteral stone may moving with respiring during eswl.so efficinet shock wave was decreared,re-treatment rate become higher.

目的 评估体外震波碎石治疗输尿管结石的疗效，探讨再治疗率高的原因及输尿管结石的治疗选择。方法回顾2000年1月～2004年12月间eswl治疗输尿管结石的临床资料687例，男455例（66.2%），女232例（33.8%），平均年龄46.6岁（15～83岁）。有双侧输尿管结石6例，单侧多发性输尿管结石12例（4颗1例，3颗2例，2颗9例），共计输尿管结石709颗（含透光结石13颗）。应用上海爱申公司生产的desunit6030型碎石机，c臂x线球管做结石定位。上段输尿管结石（肾盂输尿管交界处至骶髂关节上缘）取仰卧位，下段输尿管结石（骶髂关节上缘下至输尿管口）取俯卧位。为减少eswl引起的肾损伤和疼痛，应用较低的能量，震波发生器电压从9.8～13.2kv，震波频率1.5s。每次治疗设定为1500次震波。治疗后3天摄腹部平片或b超，以后每隔7日重复检查。假如结石未碎或有残留结石最长径＞3mm以上，再次eswl，两次治疗的间隔时间为两周。结石的大小用x线片上的表面积（mm2表示。结果 709颗输尿管结石总的治愈率为97.3%（690颗），再治疗率34.1%（242颗）。其中一次治疗467颗，平均结石大小37.27mm2，治愈464颗（65.4%），3颗改治疗；两次治疗138颗，平均结石大小62.48mm2，治愈131颗（18.5%），7颗改治疗；第1和第2次治疗治愈率（1个月治愈率）为83.8%。3次治疗52颗，平均结石大小79.60mm2，治愈50颗（7.1%），2颗改治疗；4次治疗19颗，平均结石大小101.63mm2，治愈17颗（2.4%），2颗改治疗；5次及5次以上治疗33颗，平均结石大小119.33mm2，治愈28颗（3.9%），5颗改治疗。总计19颗（2.7%）结石改变治疗方式。上段输尿管结石335颗，治愈321颗（95.8%），再治疗129颗（38.5%）。下段输尿管结石374颗，治愈369颗（98.7%），再治疗113颗（30.2%）。经χ2检验，上、下段输尿管结石的再治疗率差异有显著性（χ2=5.40，p＜0.05），治愈率差异无显著性（χ2=0.15，p＞0.05）。不良反应：血压升高13例（1.9%），震波区域疼痛26例（3.8%），震波进入处皮肤点状淤血33例（4.8%），肉眼血尿128例（18.6%），均于第2、3天自行消失。结论 eswl目前仍是输尿管结石的第一线治疗，结石的大小是再治疗率高的主要因素。结石的位置有影响，上段输尿管结石可随呼吸移动，有效震波次数减少，再治疗率比下段输尿管结石高。eswl前注重病例筛选可降低再治疗率。

Methods The experiment was conducted by measuring the diameter of isolated perfused rat renal artery. The changes in diameter were observed as the arteries were superfused with contrast media, endothelin, NO and other agents.

采用离体灌流大鼠肾动脉直径测定，观察在不同造影剂、内皮素、NO及其它药物的刺激下，肾动脉直径的变化。

Dyslipidemia is one of the important factors inducing renal dysfunction in patients with MS when blood pressure and glucose are controlled at the same levels. Thus, serum lipid lowering therapy may be necessary to prevent deterioration of renal function in patients with metabolic syndrome.

结论与 EH和 DM相比，在血压和血糖相似的情况下，血脂异常是致 MS肾功能损害的重要因素，早期介入康复方法进行积极的调脂治疗对保护 MS的肾功能有临床意义。

To compare the effect of"exercise-induced lower serum testosterone" on body functions with that of"Kidney-yang deficiency" in rats, the changes of pituitary and gonadal function and metabolism were studied. The muscle and liver glycogen concentrations, energy metabolism and α-actin gene expression in EILST and KYD rats were also studied.

为研究&运动性低血睾酮&与&肾阳虚&对机体的影响是否相同，本研究以长期大强度、较长时间游泳造成&运动性低血睾酮&，以0.5％腺嘌呤喂饲造成&肾阳虚&，并就两种状态下大鼠性腺轴功能、肾脏结构与功能和代谢、体内糖储备及骨骼肌能量代谢、以及骨骼肌α—actin基因的表达进行了探讨。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。