肾下的

The results suggest that papillary renal cell carcinoma with PNA-receptor originate from lower nephron. PNA-receptor may be related with the biologic behavior of tumor cells.

提示一些PNA受体阳性表达的乳头状肾细胞癌可能起源于下肾单位，PNA受体与肿瘤细胞恶性生物学行为有关，PNA染色可作为乳头状肾细胞癌的预后指标。

Gate of Life: In the middle of the waist line, after the first two lumbar spinous process in the next depression, with replenishing liver and kidney, the role of Wenshen impotence, one can treat men's impotence, nocturnal emission, women's vaginal discharge, enuresis, frequent urination, irregular menstruation , as well as Yao Ji strong pain, hand, foot and cold.

命门：在腰部后正中线上，第2腰椎棘突下凹陷中，具有补益肝肾、温肾壮阳的作用，可以治疗男子阳痿、遗精，妇女带下、遗尿、尿频、月经不调，以及腰脊强痛、手足发冷。

The subcapsular transplantation of MMCs can ameliorate renal function and repair kidney injury.

肾包膜下移植胚胎后肾间充质细胞能够修复损伤的肾脏，改善肾功能。

Results 10 cases of single tumor,2 cases of double tumors in one kidney; one of them is mergering subcapsular hematoma,and the other is mergering subcapsular and retroperitoneal.

结果：单发肿瘤10例，单侧肾脏2个肿瘤2例，合并肾包膜下血肿4例，合并肾包膜下及腹膜后血肿1例。ct表现为低、等、高混杂密度病灶，增强扫描低密度、等密度病灶可有不同程度的增强，高密度病灶不增强。

Hematocrit and blood viscosity at shear rate in 150/s, 30/s, 5/s, 1/s, renal fibrosis serum markers, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were detected respectively in sham operation and model group; microcirculation microscope was used to observe the thread of hypoglottis and auricle in rats.

建立单侧输尿管梗阻致大鼠肾间质纤维化模型，观察肾间质纤维化大鼠全血粘度150/s切变率、30/s切变率、5/s切变率、1/s切变率、红细胞压积、舌下及耳廓的脉络变化，同时检测肾纤维化指标、血清肌酐及尿素氮。

We report a case of primary synovial sarcoma of the kidney showing the following imaging patterns: The tumor occupied the entire left kidney, invaded into the left renal vein and inferior vena cava, and the tumor thrombus extends upward to the level of right atrium, downward to infrarenal IVC.

我们在此报告一个肾脏原发性滑液肉瘤伴随有以下转移的影像特徵：肿瘤占据整个左肾，侵入左边肾静脉以及下腔静脉，并且肿瘤栓塞向上延伸到右心房与向下到肾脏下段下腔静脉。

Objective To evaluate the nephroprotective effects of transplanting metanephric mesenchymal cells into the renal subcaspsule of rats with acute tubular necrosis induced by gentamicin.

目的 将胚胎后肾间充质细胞移植到大鼠右肾包膜下，探讨移植细胞对宿主急性肾小管坏死的保护作用。

Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 14 cases of urinary obstruction among 1090 cases of transplanted kidney in the year 2000-2006, including 9 cases of vesicoureteral anastomotic stricture, 6 of whom received a second vesicoureteral anastomosis, one had infection surrounding the renal graft and ureter end necrosis, two ureteral anastomosis with bladder muscle flap, and one stenostomia aerocyst distention under ureteroscope.

回顾总结2000-2006年我院1090例肾移植患者中的14例移植后上尿路梗阻患者，其中输尿管膀胱吻合口狭窄9例，6例行膀胱输尿管二次吻合手术，1例移植肾周感染输尿管末段坏死采用移植肾近端新鲜存活输尿管与自体输尿管吻合，1例采用膀胱肌瓣代移植输尿管，1例采用输尿管镜下气囊扩张后放置双J管。

Itamin D from the skin and diet is metabolized in the lier to 25-hydroxyitamin D (Figure 1), which is used to determine a patient's itamin D status1,2,3,4; 25-hydroxyitamin D is metabolized in the kidneys by the enzyme 25-hydroxyitamin D-1-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) to its actie form, 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D.1,2,3,4 The renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D is tightly regulated by plasma parathyroid hormone leels and serum calcium and phosphorus leels.1,2,3,4 Fibroblast growth factor 23, secreted from the bone, causes the sodium–phosphate cotransporter to be internalized by the cells of the kidney and small intestine and also suppresses 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D synthesis.5 The efficiency of the absorption of renal calcium and of intestinal calcium and phosphorus is increased in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D (Figure 1).2,3,6 It also induces the expression of the enzyme 25-hydroxyitamin D-24-hydroxylase (CYP24), which catabolizes both 25-hydroxyitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D into biologically inactie, water-soluble calcitroic acid.2,3,4

从皮肤和食物来的维生素D在肝中代谢为25-羟基维生素D（图1），被用来决定病人体内维生素D情况的1，2，3，4；25-羟基维生素D在肾中被25-羟基维生素D1羟化酶（CYP27B1）转变为有活性的1，25-二羟基维生素D 。1，2，3，4由肾产生1，25-二羟基维生素D是被血浆甲状旁腺激素和血清钙，磷水平紧密调节。1，2，3，4由骨分泌的成纤维细胞生长因子23使钠磷协同转运蛋白被肾和小肠细胞内化及抑制1，25-二羟维生素D合成。5 在1，25-二羟基维生素D作用下肾和小肠吸收钙及磷的效率增高(图1)。2，3，6 它也包括25-羟四- 24 -羟化酶的表达(CYP24)，且将1，25二羟基维生素D和25羟基维生素D异化成无生物活性，水溶性的维生素D3-23羧酸。2，3，4

The digestive tract reaction grades are similar when used DDP at any time, however, the persistence time and the average disgorging number is lowest when DDP is used at CHEN time (7∶00-9∶00) by the same dosage.

1、同等剂量下酉时应用顺铂，肾功能损害明显低于其他时辰；2、同等剂量下，辰时应用顺铂，患者出现消化道反应分度与其他时辰应用相似，但消化道反应持续时间较短，平均呕吐次数减少；3、临床可根据患者肾功能及消化道反应的具体情况选择顺铂应用时辰。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。