肾下的

The retroperatoneal laparoscopic renal cyst decortication treatment for the renal cyst and polycystic kidney is the best method and has many advantages such as less injury,less bleeding,quicker recovery and shorter hospitalization.

腹膜后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术是治疗单纯性肾囊肿和多囊肾的最好方法，患者创伤小、康复快、住院时间短，且可早期下床活动。

The hypertension model rats were induced with bi-kidney-bi-clip method, then the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat model was induced by reversible occlusion for a middle cerebral artery with a thread on the stroke prone renovascular hypertensive model rat. While the rats in sham operation group were operated without thread insertion. Shuigou (Du 26), bilateral Neiguan(PC 6) and bilateral Housanli (Zusanli, ST 36) were located according to"Atlas of Experimental Animal Acupoints" made by Hua's. Shuigou (Du26): 1 mm below nasal apex right on the Labium leporinum, be punctured 1 mm obliquely upward; Neiguan (PC 6): at the lateral palm of the forearm3 mm above wrist joint, between ulna and radius, be punctured 1 mm perpendicularly; Housanli (Zusanli, ST 36): under knee joint, 5 mm below the capitulum of fibula, be punctured 7 mm perpendicularly. The skin of Shuigou (Du 26) and the root of right ear, Neiguan (PC 6) and Housanli (Zusanli, ST 36) were connected with electroacupuncture Therapeutic Instrument G6805 with the parameters of continuous wave, 120 times/minute in frequency, 1 mA in intensity for 30 minutes.

用双肾双夹法复制易卒中型肾血管性高血压模型，在此基础上，运用栓线法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型；假手术组除不插入栓线外，其余步骤同模型组；电针治疗组取水沟(唇裂鼻尖下1 mm正中处，向上斜刺1 mm)、双侧内关(前肢内侧，离腕关节约3 mm处的尺桡骨缝间，直刺1 mm)、双侧足三里(膝关节下侧，在腓骨小头下约5 mm处，直刺7 mm)水沟穴与右耳根部皮肤、内关与足三里接G6805电针治疗仪，连续波，频率120次/min，强度1 mA，留针30 min。

Objective: To evaluate the feature of CT and DSA with spontaneous perinephric and subcapsular renal hemorrhage, espeacilly in finding of their etiology.

目的：分析自发性肾破裂致肾包膜下和肾周出血CT与DSA表现，着重讨论其发现肾破裂病因方面的价值。

Methods: Between November 2003 and December 2005, 67 patients with renal cell carcinoma underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (34 patients, group A) and open radical nephrectomy (33 patients, group B). Operating time, blond loss, amount of postoperative drainage, time to ambulation, recovery of intestinal function after operation, the postoperative hospital stay, use of antalgesic and transfusion blood and plasma were compared between group A and group B, retrospectively. Results: In group A, the operations of 31 patients were successful and 3 cases failed, then conversed to open surgery. Firstly, one case were not decented the prerenal fascia and the other two cases occurred complications, one case was due to injurying genital gland vein, with blood loss of 500m1, another fatty renal capsula was too thick to explose the renal pedicle. The operations of group B were all successful, only one case was died of intracerebral hemorrhage after two monthes.

回顾性分析和比较后腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除术(Retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy， RLRN)34例与开放性肾癌根治性切除术(Open radical nephrectomy， ORN)33例，比较两种方法的手术时间、术中出血、术后引流、术后最早下床活动时间、肠功能恢复情况、术后住院时间、术后镇痛剂使用量、术中术后输血、血浆量、术后随访时间及手术效果结果：A组中1例因最初对解剖结构难于辨认，无法分离肾前筋膜至肾门而改行开放手术，1例因损伤精索静脉出血难以控制而改行开放手术，1例因肾周脂肪过多，无法将肾脏掀起显露肾蒂而行开放手术，31例手术成功。B组手术均获成功，1例术后2个月因大面积脑出血死亡，余均无瘤生存。

We conclude that (1) S100A1 is a specific and sensitive immunohistochemical marker to differentiate nephrogenic adenoma from prostatic adenocarcinoma;(2) AMACR immunostaining does not seem to be a useful marker in distinguishing between these 2 lesions;(3) given that both S100A1 and AMACR have been reported to be expressed in renal tubular cells and in a subset of renal cell neoplasms, our findings confirm the histogenetic relationship between nephrogenic adenoma and renal tubular epithelium.

我们总结认为：（1）鉴别肾源性腺瘤和前列腺腺癌，S100A1既特异又敏感；（2）AMACR免疫染色鉴别这两种病变，效用不佳；（3）文献报道S100A1和AMACR均表达于肾小管上皮和部分肾细胞肿瘤，在此前提下，我们的结果证实了肾源性腺瘤和肾小管上皮之间的组织发生关系。

The ureteroscopic holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy can he the first choice for the post-renal acute renal failure associated with upper urinary tract stones, due to its safety and efficiency. At the same time, retrograde intubation under cystoscope and percutaneous nephrostomy will be helpful.

上尿路梗阻是肾后性急性肾功能衰竭的主要原因，如能明确是结石引起的肾后性肾功能衰竭，应首选输尿管镜下钬激光碎石并置管引流；如不能明确，膀胱镜下逆行插管和经皮肾穿刺造瘘引流也是可行的急诊有效方法。

Under the same concentration, tadalafil induce higher ratio of relation responses in the smooth muscles of CRF rabbit cavernosal strips, compared with papaverine and sodium nitroprussiate, with most significant difference occurring under the concentration indicators of 10-5 mol/L and 10-4 mol/L (P.01). Conclusions The effects of tadalafil on relaxation responses in CRF rabbit cavernosal strips highly depend on its concentration. The effect of tadalafil on relaxation responses in CRF rabbit cavernosal strips is better than that of papaverine and sodium nitroprussiate. Tadalafil may be an effective drug for treating CRF reduced erection dysfunction.

同一浓度下，他达拉非对慢性肾功能衰竭兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌舒张百分比与罂粟碱、硝普钠相比较，舒张百分比均大于罂粟碱和硝普钠，且在10~(-5)mol/L、10~(-4)mol/L浓度，他达拉非对慢性肾功能衰竭兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌舒张百分比，与罂粟碱、硝普钠相比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01)结论他达拉非对慢性肾功能衰竭兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌舒张反应的影响具有浓度依赖性，他达拉非对慢性肾功能衰竭兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌舒张反应的影响优于罂粟碱及硝普钠，他达拉非可能是治疗慢性肾功能衰竭性阴茎勃起功能障碍的理想药物。

Materials and Methods:24 consecutive patients in which 22 cases were proved surgicopathologicaly with acute spontaneous perinephric renal hemorrhage were examined with CT (n=24), and DSA (n=3) accompanied embolitherapy.

目的：分析自发性肾破裂致肾包膜下和肾周出血CT与DSA表现，着重讨论其发现肾破裂病因方面的价值。

Sbstract CT(n=24) and DSA (n=3) have been conducted for 24 cases of spontaneous rupture of kidney with perirenal hematoma.

分析自发性肾破裂致肾包膜下和肾周出血的CT与选择性肾动脉造影表现，以发现肾破裂病因方面的诊断价值。

The therapeutic effect of HYJDT on glomerulosclerosis was observed by way of five aspects:(1) Effect on renal tissue morphology;(2) Effect on urine protein and blood creatinine and blood uria nitrogen ;(3) Effect on superoxide dismutase and malonydialdehyde in reual cortex;(4) Effect on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-l (TIMP-1) in glomerulus;(5) Effect on MMP-9 mRNA and TIMP-lmRNA and type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) mRAN in glomerulus.

用药治疗12周取肾，HE、PAS染色，在光镜下观察肾组织形态学变化，并在透射电镜下观察肾小球超微结构的变化。用半自动生化分析仪检测肾皮质匀浆中SOD活力、MDA含量。用免疫组化技术检测肾小球中MMP-9、TIMP-1的蛋白表达，用原位杂交技术检测MMP-9mRNA、TIMP-lmRNA、PAI-lmRNA的基因表达。免疫组化和原位杂交结果，采用计算机图象分析系统测量各自的平均吸光度。所有的实验数据均用SAS6.12统计软件包进行统计学处理。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。