肺水肿

Anticholinergic used for HAPE has a rapid and exact curative effect, a slight side effect, and a shorten course of treatment.

对血液动力学的作用为其重要的治疗机制之一，可作为高原肺水肿现场治疗的重要药物。

Methods 582 patients with HAPE (in 4700～5260 m) were divided into 2 groups: one group (393 patients) was treated with anticholinergic, and the other 189 cases were treated with a general therapy without anticholinergic.

将海拔4700～5260米地区582例高原肺水肿患者分为393例抗胆碱药治疗组和189例一般疗法治疗的对照组，在治疗前及治疗后24小时作无创血液动力学检测。

Objective To study the changes of content of serum nitric oxide in patients with high altitude pulmonary edema.

目的 观察高原肺水肿患者血清中一氧化氮浓度的变化，探讨一氧化氮对高原肺水肿发生、发展的影响。

Methods NPE models of rabbits were made and H1 receptor antagonist (chlorpheniramine, H1 group), H2 receptor antagonist (Cimetidine, H2 group) or normal sodium were injected into PVN of rabbits utilizing the technique of stereotaxis. The degree of pulmonary edema was observed, the content of histamine in PVN was measured by high performance liquid chromatogram, and the ration of lung-water and A/P value were calculated.

制作家兔NPE模型；座用中枢立体定位技术，在家兔PVN微量注射组胺H1受体拮抗剂（扑尔敏，H1组）、H2受体拮抗剂（西米替丁，H2组）及生理盐水，现察肺水肿程度，高效液相法检测各组家兔PVN内组胺含量，测定肺水比、肺水肿液中蛋白含量与血浆蛋白含量的比值。

The DGGO had centrally distributed with lobular central node, acinose node or mass. 26 cases were the diseases with abnormity of extravascular fluid overload, including 21 cases' pulmonary edema and 5 cases' contusion of lung. The DGGO had distributed pulmonary pendulous region or relative pendulous region.

以肺内血管外体液量增加为主的疾病有肺水肿21例及肺挫伤5例，肺水肿性磨玻璃影具有沿下垂部分布的趋势，可伴有心影增大及胸腔积液；而肺挫伤性磨玻璃影与外伤部位相关，且在外伤区肺内也具有沿下垂部分布的趋势。

Examination of a 48-year-old man with a two-hour history of chest pain and dyspnea reealed him to be acutely ill, with tachypnea, a blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg, a pulse rate of 117 beats per minute, and seere pulmonary edema, necessitating intubation and mechanical entilation.

一名有5年控制不良性高血压史的65岁男子因肺水肿被急诊部收治。收治时患者血压180/110 mm Hg；胸片显示两侧胸膜渗出及肺水肿；ECG：左束支传导阻滞。给予硝酸甘油、速尿和吗啡等药物治疗后，高血压和肺水肿症状很快消失。

Sadly, the doctors treated pulmonary effusion – chest tubes and thoracentesis won't help for pulmonary edema.

虽然这两者都可以导致心脏衰竭，演示画面和动画结果均符合肺水肿，但是遗憾的是，医生采取的治疗方式——胸部插管和胸腔穿刺术——是治疗肺积水的方法而不是肺水肿。

Methods:25 patients of reexpansion pulmonary edema underwent the following measures:changes of the diseases must be observed closely and found,diagnosed,dealt with earlier;keep the respiratory way smooth;oxygen should be used reasonably,the blood stream motivation should be kept steady;strengthen the base nursing;reexpanse the lung slowly and unconstantly.

目的：探讨复张性肺水肿的观察要点与治疗措施方法：对25例复张性肺水肿患者采用了以下措施：严密观察病情变化，早发现、早处理；保持呼吸道通畅；合理用氧纠正低氧血症；缓慢间断复张；加强基础护理。

Methods Treatment and nursing were performed on 25 patients with pulmonary edema related to uremia.When nursing patients with pulmonary edema related to uremia,besides general nursing measures,the following aspects should be included:（1）specially observing the blood pressure,respiration and arterial blood oxygen saturation and urine volume of patients;（2）controlling the blood pressure of patients effectively;（3）dialysing or ultrafiltrating in proper manner and at proper time,meanwhile nursing carefully during dialysis;（4）ameliorating the general nutritional status of patients to prevent infection of the lungs;（5）keeping firmly in mind the care program:post????oxygen????drugs of vasodilatation????hemodialysis;（6）controlling water drinking.

共治护25例肺水肿患者，对尿毒症性肺水肿除采取常规护理措施外，应做到以下几点特殊护理：（1）密切观察血压、呼吸、血氧饱和度、近期尿量变化；（2）有效控制血压；（3）采取不同的透析方式适时适量透析超滤并加强透析中的护理；（4）改善全身营养状况、纠正贫血、预防肺部感染；（5）牢记护理程序体位―吸氧―血管扩张药―血液透析；（6）严格控制入量。

In ICU patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure, BNP appears useful in excluding CPE and identifying patients with a high probability of ARDS, and was associated with mortality in patients with both ARDS and CPE.

ICU的低氧性呼吸衰竭患者，脑钠素对区分心源性肺水肿和ARDS有用，且和心源性肺水肿或ARDS的病死率相关。仍需要大量的研究来证实这一发现。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。