肺内的

The anastomosing occurred between the pleural superficial and the subpleural vascular networks on the capillary level or the precapillary level. The honeycomb vascular networks were also various in size and form at a low magnification. The venule connected with the pulmonary capillary networks directly at a high magnification. The single capillary networks were found in the alveolar septa. The longitudinal crests and dense round imprints of endothelial nuclei and the clear circular constrictions were found on the surface of the larger vessel in the lung parenchyma. The round imprints of endothelial nuclei also occurred on the subpleural venule and capillary.

胸膜面浅层的微血管与胸膜下微血管之间形成毛细血管水平或毛细血管前水平的吻合；低倍镜下肺实质内微血管网也呈现大小不等、形态各异的蜂窝状结构；高倍镜下肺泡毛细血管与微静脉之间联系紧密；在肺泡隔内毛细血管网成单层分布；肺实质内管径较大的微血管表面可以见到纵行的嵴状结构和密集的内皮细胞核的压痕，以及明显的环形缩窄；胸膜下微静脉和毛细血管表面可见圆形内皮细胞核的压痕。

Results The segmental bronchial ramifications of the left upper lobe were classified into three types mainly: common stem of apical and posterior segmental bronchi (64%, 130/200), trifurcation (23%,45/200), common stem of apical and anterior segmental bronchi (10%, 21/200), and they could be identified in two typical slices of transverse thin-section CT.

左肺上叶3种主要分支类型可以通过薄层CT横断面图像2个典型层面辨认；左肺下叶依据基底干支气管分支的不同分为2种主要类型，Ⅰ型163例(75%)：基底干支气管两分支，即内前底段支气管、外后底段支气管；Ⅱ型39例(18%)：基底干支气管3分支，即内前底段、外侧底段、后底段支气管。

Results: we estalished ideal copd models in stort time. there existed the expression of nos in both the normal lung tissue and the lung tissue of copd,mainly orienrared in the cytoplasm of cell.the immunohistochemical result indicated that inos increased significantly ,in comparison with the control group, in bronchiolar mycoderma epithelial and enos remakably decreased in pulmonary blood vessel.

结果：联合应用烟熏和ppe在较短的时间内建立了较理想的copd模型；一氧化氮合酶在正常肺组织与copd的肺组织均有表达，主要定位在细胞浆内；免疫组化结果表明模型组inos在支气管黏膜上皮呈强阳性表达，肺血管enos表达明显减弱，与健康对照组比较有显著性（p.01）。

Results 6 patients with PAP presented with ground-glass opacification of the bilateral lungs on HRCT. Typical chest HRCT scan showed "map-like" lesions in 3 cases and "cobble stone-like" lesions in 3 cases. Multifocal consolidative opacities in the lungs were seen on HRCT in 3 cases. Lung biopsies from 6 patients with PAP revealed a prominent positive periodic acid-Schiff intra-alveolar exudates. There were normal alveolar spetasis in 3 patients while interstitial thickening, fibroblast hyperplasia, interstitial fibrosis in the others.

结果 6例患者在不同层面可见磨玻璃影，其中2例可见小结节影；3例表现为两肺斑片状磨玻璃影与周围肺组织分界清楚，呈地图样改变；3例因磨玻璃影与小叶间隔增厚交织成铺路石样改变；3例可见肺泡实变融合成密度较高的斑片状阴影，1例在肺泡实变区可见&空气支气管征&。6例患者活检肺组织在光镜下显示肺泡腔内充满大量块状或颗粒状嗜伊红物质，PAS染色阳性，AB染色阴性，其中3例肺泡间隔正常，3例肺泡间隔增宽，可见慢性炎性细胞浸润、成纤维细胞增生和胶原沉积。

Fibrin exudation, pulmonary interstitial incrassation, thrombosis of pulmonary artery, hemorrhage and gore were found. Conclusion: MR enhanced pulmonary perfusion can diagnose pulmonary embolism.

病理显示：梗死区可见大量的纤维素渗出，肺间质增厚，动脉腔内可见红细胞和血栓形成，其周围白细胞浸润伴肺淤血，部分可见点状出血及肺淤血。

Resujts:① The distribution of lesions are mostly symmetrical, extensive, predominant in the middle and lower lung fields, and posterior areas in peripheral;② There are so many HRCT findings of lung, ILD is predominant: intralobular interstitial thickening 46 cases (100%), ground-glass opacity 41 cases (89.13%), peribronchovascular or centrilobular interstitial thickening 40 cases (86.96%), interlobular septal thickening 38 cases (82.61%), irregular linear opacity 37 cases (80.43%), small nodular opacity 34 cases (73.91%), subpleural line 27 cases (58.70%), bmnchiectasis or bronchiolectasis 19 cases (41.30%), patch opacity 18 cases (39.13%), expiratory mosaic sign 15 cases (32.61%), interface sign 14 cases (30.43%), honeycombing 12 cases (26.09%), emphysema or bulla 3 cases, cystic airspace suspected 1 case, and atelectasis suspected 1 case;③ Mediastinum and pleura: multiple small lymphonodi in mediastinum 41 cases (89.13%), pleural thickening or rough 38 cases (82.61%), esophagoectasis 11 cases (23.91%), unilateral little pleural fluid 1 case, and mediastinal emphysema 1 case.

结果：①皮肌炎肺部病变分布呈对称、广泛、偏中下、偏外后的特点；②肺部HRCT表现多样，以肺间质性改变为主：小叶内间质增厚46例(100%)，磨玻璃影41例(89.13%)，支气管血管束增宽或小叶核心增大40例(86.96%)，小叶间隔增厚38例(82.61%)，不规则纤维索条影37例(80.43%)，结节影34例(73.91%)，胸膜下线27例(58.70%)，支气管或细支气管扩张19例(41.30%)，斑片影18例(39.13%)，呼气相马赛克征15例(32.61%)，界面征14例(30.43%)，蜂窝影12例(26.09%)，肺气肿或肺大泡3例，单纯囊状气腔1例，肺不张l例；③纵隔及胸膜：纵隔小淋巴结影41例(89.13%)，胸膜增厚或毛糙38例(82.61%)，食管扩张11例(23.91%)，单侧少量性胸腔积液1例，纵隔气肿1例。

Objective To explore the surgical procedure,postoperative respiration,blood gas analysis and heart function changes relevant to intrapericardial total pneumonectomy.Methods To review and analyze the clinical data of 42 cases of the intrapericardial total pneumonectomy.

目的 探讨经心包内处理肺血管全肺切除术的手术操作、术后呼吸、血气及心功能的变化方法回顾性分析42例经心包内全肺切除术患者的临床资料。

Methods Twelve healthy volunteers, of them 5 smokers and another 7 nonsmokers, underwent right middle lobe bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial instillation of KLH into lingula. Dimeric and monomeric IgA, albumin and cellular differential count in BALF were measured. Serum anti-KLH IgA was tested at various days after instillation of antigen.

对12名健康志愿者(其中5名吸烟)行右肺中叶肺灌洗，分析肺灌洗中IgA型别、细胞分类计数、白蛋白含量，并从左肺舌肺叶内注入钥孔血蓝蛋白抗原，观察肺局部抗原免疫后血循环中特异性IgA抗体的免疫应答能力。

Results:The reasons of unresectable 131 lung cancer were: metastasis in the thoracic cavity, freezing of hilum of lung, neoplasma encroach the main organs of mediastinum, and could not tolerate the extended resection because of the limitation of pulmonary function.

结果：131例肺癌不能切除的原因依次为：胸腔内多发转移，&肺门冻结&经打开心包仍不能处理血管，肿瘤侵犯纵隔内重要结构，以及肺功能受限不能耐受扩大切除范围等。1992年~2006年的探查率为8.1%(66/813)，较1985~1991年的15.6%(65/417)有明显下降。

In this experimental conditions, the VEC had not damnified obviously by perfusion with IECS in 4 hours. The pulmonary vascular resistance could decreased by POE1 and so vascular endolhelial cells would be protected. Mannitol not only increase osmotic pressure but also cleanse OFR. The addition of mannitol, POE1, glucose and osmotic pressure to IEC solution contributes to reduce the quantities of OFR.

2在本实验条件下所采用的IECS进行犬肺灌洗、离体保存4h之内肺血管内皮细胞无明显损伤，PGE；具有保护肺血管内皮细胞的作用；甘露醇具有增加渗透压和清除自由基的作用；灌洗前肺动脉内注射PGE；及增加 ECS渗透压和代谢底物、提高PH值使之略微偏碱均有助于抑制供体肺离体、低温、冷缺血保存期间OFR的产生。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。