肺

The structures of the ""lungs"" have an evolution trend from lower to higher through Lepidoptera to Hymenoptera. 5. If the function of the ""lungs"" is extended into to ""aerating trachea"", the larvae of Apidae, Muscidae and nymphs of Coleoptera, Hemiptera also may have the function of the ""lungs"". Our researches are supplement and support to Locke's researches and an important progress in insect physiology.

由以上研究结果可得出以下结论：⑴鳞翅目幼虫第8节及臀腔的气管具有&肺&特点及功能；⑵鳞翅目、膜翅目叶蜂科&肺&具有普遍性及进化过程；⑶&肺&功能如进一步扩展，在其它各目中也应存在；昆虫纲&肺&结构和功能的研究是对Locke研究的大力支持和补充，是昆虫基础生理方面的一个新突破和重要进展。

The structures of the "lungs" have an evolution trend from lower to higher through Lepidoptera to Hymenoptera.5. If the function of the "lungs" is extended into to "aerating trachea", the larvae of Apidae, Muscidae and nymphs of Coleoptera, Hemiptera also may have the function of the "lungs".Our researches are supplement and support to Lockes researches and an important progress in insect physiology.

由以上研究结果可得出以下结论：⑴鳞翅目幼虫第8节及臀腔的气管具有&肺&特点及功能；⑵鳞翅目、膜翅目叶蜂科&肺&具有普遍性及进化过程；⑶&肺&功能如进一步扩展，在其它各目中也应存在；昆虫纲&肺&结构和功能的研究是对Locke研究的大力支持和补充，是昆虫基础生理方面的一个新突破和重要进展。

So the respiratory physiology a hydrodynamics is the base of studying how gas convect and diffuse in the hi In this paper, we introduce the physiological structure and the process of | convection and diffusion in the lung. After analyzing some kinds mathematical model, we have got a digital model through simplifying l Weible model.

本文介绍了肺体的生理结构以及气体在肺内的传输和扩散过程，通过对现有几种数学模型的分析后，在Weible肺解剖模型的基础上简化得到肺的一维喇叭口数学模型，把气体在三维空间传输和扩散问题转化为一维问题。

The ILDs related to smoking include respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

目的：和吸烟有关的肺疾病从慢阻肺到肺癌是一组复杂原因的肺疾病，间质性肺炎只和吸烟有关，和吸烟有关的间质性肺炎包括：呼吸性细支气管炎、脱屑性间质性肺炎、肺的朗格汉斯细胞增多症。

The lung ventilation capacity (FEV1.0%, MVV%), the degree of airflow obstruction (FEV1.0/FVC%), emphysematous extent, peripheral airway resistance, total airway resistance (R5) and total respiratory resistance of the phlegm-syndrome group (the PDL group and the PHAL group) changed slightly and their sickness conditions are the best to cure; While the LKD group is the most serious sickness.

痰证组（痰湿蕴肺组和痰热蕴肺组）患者的肺通气功能（FEV1.0%、MVV%），气流阻塞程度（FEV1.0/FVC%），肺气肿程度，气道周边阻力、总气道阻力、呼吸总阻抗（Rp、R5、Zrs）改变最小，病情最轻；肺肾两虚组患者病情最重。

It was found that lung index and extravascular lung water were significantly increased 6 h after the induction of pancreatitis.

结果发现，胰腺炎后6 h肺系数和肺血管外水量显著增高，肺有充血、出血、水肿和肺不张。

Results CT scans clearly showed lung contusions in 117,lung laceration and haematoma in 19,atelectasis in 24, haemothroax in 67, pneumothorax in 45, hemopneumothorax in 52, mediastinum haematoma in 7, pneumomediastinum in 8,pneumoderma in 25, diaphragmatic hernia in 17, fracture of rib in 103, and flail chest in 34 fractures.

结果诊断肺挫伤117例，肺挫裂伤及肺内血肿19例，肺不张24例，血胸67例，气胸45例，血气胸52例，纵隔血肿7例，纵隔积气8例，皮下气肿25例，膈疝17例，肋骨骨折103例，连枷胸34例。143例（84.1％）经非手术处理，其中43例行胸腔闭式引流术，22例行机械呼吸支持。

Results 26 kinds of postoperative respiratory complications in 7 cases were found which included pleural effusion, atelectasis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hepatopulmonary syndrome, pulmonary interstitial edema, pneumonia and tracheorrhagia.

结果：7例原位肝移植术后病人共出现26例次各种呼吸系统并发症，包括胸腔积液、肺不张、呼吸窘迫综合征、肝肺综合征、肺间质水肿、肺感染和呼吸道出血。7例中除1例于术后第8天死于ARDS和MOSF外，余6例均治愈出院。

The moderate hypotrophic phenotype of lungs from animals bearing a Hes1 mutation, and the expression of Notch components in the distal lung bud during branching morphogenesis, together suggest that Notch may play a role in normal lung growth, especially in Clara cell precursors.

动物发生温和性肺营养缺陷表型时，Hes1发生突变，且在肺分支成形过程中，Notch在末梢肺芽中表达。这都说明：Notch对肺的正常生长起到一定作用，特别是在Clara细胞前体中。

The intersegmental veins can be considered as the main tributary of pulmonary segmental veins and it commonlly located in the inferior, interior and posterior side of the corresponding segmental bronchi.

肺段动脉与支气管紧密伴行，并有基本一致的分支和分布，多位于支气管的上、外或前方；肺段静脉不与支气管分支一致，可分段内支与段间支，后者可视为肺段静脉的主干，多位于肺段支气管的下、内或后方。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。