肺

To evaluate the difference of position and morphometry of pulmonary artery and vein of isolated pig lung , through making cast specimens .

对离体猪肺的肺血管进行铸型标本制作，评估解剖所见的肺动脉和肺静脉走行位置及形态学情况。

objective to discuss perioperative complication and management of patient with high risk copd following esophagectomy.methods 45 patients with high risk copd underwent esophagectomy with epidural block combined with general anesthesia.perioperative treatment included smoking cessation,chest physiotherapy,prevention and control of infection of air way and appropriate bronchodilators of air way,breathing exercises,nutrition support and oxygen therapy.painkiller was instilled after surgery,early exercises,ensuring unobstruction of the air way,mechanical ventilation was applied when needed.results 3 had hypoxaemia in operation.after surgery,all patients had spo2 somewhat declined.6 had lung infection.6 were removed of bronchial secretion by bronchoscope.2 were supported by ventilator by using intubation.2 underwent tracheotomy.1 had disturbances of acid base balance and treated by using hydrochloric acid muriatic acid.all patients recovered rather smoothly and discharged from hospital.conclusion high risk copd is not the absolute contraindication of esophagectomy.active management before and after surgery ensures the safety and recovery of patients.

目的 探讨重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病简称慢阻肺病人食管切除术围手术期常见并发症及其处理。方法 45例重度慢阻肺的病人在全麻联合硬膜外阻滞下进行开胸食管切除手术，围手术期处理包括术前戒烟、胸部理疗、预防和控制呼吸道感染、解痉化痰、呼吸功能锻炼、营养支持和氧疗；术后硬膜外镇痛、早期锻炼、保持呼吸道通畅，部分病人予以呼吸支持。结果术中3例出现低氧血症。术后所有病人pao2均有不同程度的下降，6例出现肺部感染，6例行纤维支气管镜吸痰，2例通过气管插管给予呼吸机支持，2例行气管切开术，1例酸碱平衡紊乱使用盐酸精氨酸治疗。所有病人均痊愈出院。结论重度慢阻肺病人并非开胸食管切除手术的绝对禁忌证，积极的术前准备和严格的术后管理可减少和控制术后急性发作，有助于确保此类病人的围手术期安全和康复。

Ischemic preconditioning achieved by brief periods of ischemia and reperfusion before a prolonged period of ischemia was first described by Murry in the studies of protection of cardiac muscle in 1986, thereby human opened up the gate of endogenous protection of cardiac muscle.

此后，人们发现缺血预处理能够显著的减轻实质器官的缺血一再灌注损伤，如心、肝、肾、骨等，然而，关于肺缺血预处理保护作用的数据非常有限，有必要进一步探索缺血预处理对肺缺血一再灌注损伤的保护作用'l。

Techniques of myocardium protection are now highly developed,and lung protection has become a focus of research.

肺损伤是体外循环心内直视手术的主要并发症之一，随着心肌保护技术的日益成熟，肺保护成为近年的研究热点。

The controls were only given 0.2mL corn oil injection simultaneously. The rats were sacrificed after suffering from dyspnea, and the survived rats were sacrificed at narcotism in 1 year after the first 3, 4-benzopyrene toxicosis. Lung, brain, liver, esophagus and stomach of all rates were anatomized in search of tumor.

处理后观察1年，期间出现呼吸困难时处死大鼠，首次处理后1年处死全部仍存活大鼠，解剖大鼠肺、食管、胃肠道、肝及脑等脏器，观察有无肿瘤形成，并对肿块及全部大鼠的肺组织切片进行苏木素伊红(hematoxylin and eosin，HE)染色分析。

Methods Six postmortem specimens of patients with pneumoconiosis after necropsy were fixed at end-inspiratory volume.

方法对 6例病理证实为肺内多发结节的尸检离体肺脏制成充气固定的肺标本，分别行多层螺旋CT的常规剂量(130mA)和低剂量CT(5 0、30、10mA)扫描。

Recently, many scientists are interested in the research of the structure and function of the pulmonary neuroendocrine cell.

近二十多年来，肺神经内分泌细胞的来源、结构、功能、激素的表达及其与肺神经内分泌肿瘤的关系越来越引起专家们的重视。

This experiment showed that there was an proliferative changing at the cell of nodose ganglion of the sensory nerve fiber in lung when asthma attacked and suggested that the changing of growth and excitability of lung sensory nerve may well result from the change of neuron.

本实验表明哮喘时肺内感觉神经纤维的胞体所在部位颈静脉节的细胞也发生了增生性改变，提示肺内感觉神经纤维的生长和兴奋性变化可能是源于神经元胞体的变化。

Objective To investigate the factors that affect the detection rate by scanning a lung nodule model.

目的 通过对肺结节模型进行螺旋CT扫描，分析影响螺旋CT肺结节检出率的因素。

Thyroid transcription factor-1 in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic follicular thyroid cells examined by immunohistochemistry and nonradioactive in situ hybridization.

本实验TTF-1在所有转移性腺癌中的敏感性为35.3%（18/51），特异性为100%（0/36），在肺腺癌中的敏感性为61.5%（16/26），特异性为91.7%（22/24），有2例肺外腺癌表达TTF-1，1例为乳腺癌，另1例为卵巢癌。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。