股东

The effect of the controlling shareholder is U-shaped

2非控股大股东对控股股东和管理层有显著的监控和制衡作用

Stock shareholders, according to whether the name is written can be divided into bearer shares and bearer shares; according to the interests of shareholders and protection of difference can be divided into common stock and preferred stock; according to whether the amount can be divided into a nominal face value of stock and no-par value shares.

股票按是否写有股东姓名可分为记名股票与无记名股票；按股东的权益和保障的差异可分为普通股票与优先股票；按有无票面金额可分为有面值股票与无面值股票。

Especially in the respect of corporation managing construction, there are some outstanding flaws such as stockers reigning mainly control the directorate, therefore the little stockers" rights and interests can"t be protected; directorate lacks of independence, therefore the rights, responsibility and interests are inconsistent with each other; the function of supervising board has been weakened; the problem of inner person controlling is serious; the system restriction of domestic capital market has been weakened ,etc.

尤其是在公司法人治理结构方面，存在着—些比较突出的缺陷，诸如控股股东操纵董事会，中小股东权益得不到保障；董事会缺乏独立性，董事权责利不—致；监事会功能弱化；内部人控制问题严重；国内现有资本市场的制度约束弱化等。

There are four kinds of problems from the interior: unreasonable stockholder" s structure is easy for holding stockers to control the board of directors and make the stockholders meeting powerless; the board of directors lacks the independence and the inconsistence of director"s rights, responsibilities, benefits; the superior person manipulate the company; The board of surveillances function is weakened and lacks authority.

内部治理方面的问题有股权结构不合理，控股股东操纵董事会，股东大会流于形式；董事会缺乏独立性，董事权责利不一致；内部人控制问题严重；监事会功能弱化，缺乏权威等四个方面。

If any directors, supervisors or senior executives hold a post in a shareholding entity, his post and term of office as well as the information about his post or part-time job in any entities other than the shareholding entity shall be indicated.

董事、监事、高级管理人员如在股东单位任职，应说明职务及任职期间，以及在除股东单位外的其他单位的任职或兼职情况。

Main Contents This paper is about the study on how to strengthen and optimalize the corporate governance system for listed companies in China.

大股东控制和内部人控制本质上都是揭示谁主宰公司的问题，但这两者是不同的，从表象上来看是控制公司主体不同：是大股东还是经理人员控制。

If any shareholder should elect not to purchase his portion of the shares, the remainder shall be offered to the other shareholders on the same pro rata basis as outlined in Section 4 of this agreement.

如果任何股东决定不购买他的份额，剩余的股份应当根据本协议第4条的规定，同样的以每股为单位计算价格向其他股东发出股权转让要约。

The liquidation obligors of a limited liability company are all shareholders.

有限责任公司的清算义务人为全体股东，股份有限公司的清算义务人为控制股东。

In accordance with established practice, listed companies need to October 31 in the third before the completion of the Quarterly Bulletin of the disclosure, that is to say, if the original holdings in accordance with the provisions of the guidelines,"the report before the release of 30, not overweight", Then even if the listed companies in the Quarterly Bulletin on October 31 released, but re-count the National Day vacation, the shareholders also want to overweight "damp squib", the final outcome may be, in all shareholders in October as a whole can not be overweight .

上市公司必须在10月31日第三次之前的披露季报的完成，也就是说，如果按照与原准则的规定持有，&该报告前30日发行，不超重&，那么即使在季报的上市公司10月31日发布，但重新点票的国庆假期，股东们还希望增持&有心无力&，最后的结果可能是，10月份在所有股东作为一个整体，不能超重。

First, the standard of qualification of subject should be substantive. Judgment of qualification of shareholders of special categories should be made on substantive terms. Second, modeling on American and Japanese law, unlimited norms should be adopted for the object of right of access to documents.

第一，阐明股东知情权主体资格的标准应以向公司出资的实质要件为准，并以此为标准对特殊类型的股东资格做出判断；第二，以美国、日本法为例，指出查阅权客体一般采非限制规范，我国公司法可从统一法律规范、明确概念含义、补充相关性规范等方面进行完善。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。