肠

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastroenteropathy which is the characteristics of abdominal pain/abdominal discomfort and bowel evacuation habit,is short of change of morphology and biochemics.

肠易激综合征是一种常见的以腹痛/腹部不适伴排便习惯改变为特征的功能性肠病，缺乏形态学和生化学改变的生物学标志。

The probiotic strains in Lifestream Bowel Biotics for Kids are suitable for children of all ages and are ideal for use following a course of antibiotics, digestive upsets or during stress, where they assist in maintaining digestive, colon and bowel health.

该益生菌菌株在lifestream肠易激 biotics 为孩子们适合儿童各年龄段和理想使用下面的一个疗程的抗生素，消化扰乱，或在压力，他们在那里协助在维持消化系统，结肠及肠健康。

The digestive tract was distinctively divided into buccopharyngeal cavity, esophagus, stomach, anterior intestine and posterior intestine at 1-2 days after hatching coinciding with the time of first feeding. The stomach was divided into cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions. The gall bladder was obvious.

孵出后1-2 d的仔鱼，消化系统已发育较完备，消化道分化为口咽腔、食道、胃、前肠和后肠，胃分化为贲门部、基底部和幽门部，胆囊明显，仔鱼开口摄食而进入混合营养阶段。

The optimum temperature s and pH were(40℃,2.4)for stomach,(55℃,7.6) for pyloric caeca(45℃,8.0) for gut. The optimum temperature for protease activity was higher than that in the fish body. The highest activity of protease occurred in strong acidic condition in stomach,but in neutral or weak alkaline condition in pyloric caeca and gut.

蛋白酶的活力随温度和pH变化呈现一定的规律性，不同消化器官蛋白酶的最适温度、pH依次为胃(40℃，2.4)、幽门盲囊(55℃，7.6)、肠(45℃，8.0)，蛋白酶的最适温度高于体温，胃蛋白酶在强酸环境下活力最大，幽门盲囊与肠在中性和偏碱条件下活力最大

The experiment two: enzyme preparation significantly improved average daily gainand feed conversion ratio (P＜0.05). Enzyme preparation significantly increased energymetabolizability and digestibility of crude fiber, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber,but had no remarkable effect on digestibility of dry matter, crude fat and acid detergentfiber. Enzyme preparation significantly decreased the relative viscosity of duodenal andjejunal digesta. The pH of intestine had no noticed difference in all groups. Enzymepreparation significantly decreased relative weight of gizzard, proventficulus, duodenum,jejunum and ileum. Enzyme preparation significantly increased villus size of duodenumand jejunum, and villus to crypt ratio of duodenum and ileum significantly increased too.Enzyme preparation considerably decreased ileal crypt height (P＜0.05), and didn"t affectthickness of intestinal wall. Supplementing enzyme preparation, the serum glucose, totalprotein and alanine aminotransferase, but enzyme preparation hadn"t noticed influenceupon uric acid, total cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoproteins. Enzymepreparation significantly increased insulin, triiodothyronine and insulin-like growthfactor-Ⅰ. Adding enzyme preparation, the percentage of thyroid stimulating hormone andgrowth hormone in the serum increased 16.44%, 19.18% and 18.84%, 21.74%respectively, and the percentage of glucagon and thyroxine decreased 12.07%, 14.36% and 13.79%, 15.40%, but failed to reach statistical significance (P＞0.05). Enzymepreparation significantly increased (P＜0.05) the trypsin and amylase activity of duodenaland jejunal digesta, but enzyme preparation didnt affect significantly (P＞0.05) theintestinal lipase activity and pancreatic digestive enzyme. Enzyme preparation had nosignificant effect on caecal microbial population.

试验二：酶制剂显著提高平均日增重和饲料转化率(P＜0.05)；酶制剂显著提高能量代谢率及粗纤维、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维消化率(P＜0.05)，而对干物质、粗脂肪、酸性洗涤纤维消化率影响不显著；酶制剂显著降低十二指肠和空肠食糜相对粘度(P＜0.05)；添加酶制剂对肠道pH影响不显著；酶制剂显著降低肌胃、腺胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠相对重(P＜0.05)，显著提高十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度，显著增加十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度／隐窝深度，降低回肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05)，对肠壁厚度影响不显著；酶制剂显著提高血清葡萄糖、总蛋白和谷丙转氨酶浓度(P＜0.05)，对尿酸、总胆固醇、甘油三酯及高密度脂蛋白浓度影响不显著，显著提高胰岛素、T_3、IGF-Ⅰ水平，添加酶制剂后，促甲状腺激素、生长激素分别提高16.44％、19.18％和18.84％、21.74％，胰高血糖素和T_4分别降低12.07％、14.36％和13.79％、15.40％，但差异不显著；酶制剂对胰腺消化酶活性影响不显著，显著增加十二指肠和空肠胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性，对小肠脂肪酶活性影响不显著；酶制剂对盲肠微生物菌落数影响不显著。

Cases were undergone choledocholithotomy with T-tube drainage , 39 cases cholangiojejunostomy with T-tube drainage , 28 cases lobectomy of liver, 16 cases plastic repair of hepatic portle duct with cholangiojejunostomy.

其中肝胆管切开取石T管引流术47例，肝胆管切开取石+胆肠吻合术39例，肝部分切除术28例，肝门部胆管切开成形+胆肠吻合术16例。

Results 114 cases were follow-up surveyed from 6 months to 10 years, After operation,the superior rate and residual stone rate were respectively: it was 67.57%、54.05% in the group of choledocholithotomy with T-tube drainage ,78.38%、32.43% in cholangiojejunostomy with T-tube drainage , 96.15%、7.69% in lobectomy of liver, 85.71%、14.29% in plastic repair of hepatic portle duct with cholangiojejunostomy. The total superior rate was 79.82% and total residual stone rate was 31.58%.

结果 114例得到随访，随访6 月～10年，术后优良率及残石率分别：肝胆管切开取石T管引流术67.57%、54.05%，肝胆管切开取石+胆肠吻合术78.38%、32.43%，肝部分切除术96.15%、7.69%，肝门部胆管成形+胆肠吻合术85.71%、14.29%，总优良率79.82%、残石率31.58%。

Results 114 cases were follow-up surveyed from 6 months to 10 years, After operation,the superior rate and residual stone rate were respectively: it was 67.57%、54.05% in the group of choledocholithotomy with T-tube drainage ,78.38%、32.43% in cholangiojejunostomy with T-tube drainage , 96.15%、7.69% in lobectomy of liver, 85.71%、14.29% in plastic repair of hepatic portle duct with cholangiojejunostomy. The total superior rate was 79.82% and total residual stone rate was 31.58%.

结果 114例得到随访，随访6个月～10年，术后优良率及残石率分别为：肝胆管切开取石T管引流术67.57%、54.05%，肝胆管切开取石+胆肠吻合术78.38%、32.43%，肝部分切除术96.15%、7.69%，肝门部胆管成形+胆肠吻合术85.71%、14.29%，总优良率79.82%、残石率31.58%。

Results 114 cases were follow-up surveyed from 6 months to 10 years, after operation,the superior rate and residual stone rate were respectively: it was 67.57%、54.05% in the group of choledocholithotomy with t-tube drainage ,78.38%、32.43% in cholangiojejunostomy with t-tube drainage , 96.15%、7.69% in lobectomy of liver, 85.71%、14.29% in plastic repair of hepatic portle duct with cholangiojejunostomy.

结果 114例得到随访，随访6个月～10年，术后优良率及残石率分别为：肝胆管切开取石t管引流术67.57%、54.05%，肝胆管切开取石+胆肠吻合术78.38%、32.43%，肝部分切除术96.15%、7.69%，肝门部胆管成形+胆肠吻合术85.71%、14.29%，总优良率79.82%、残石率31.58%。

Methods Two arrays of isolates were used to evaluate the reliability of ChromID ESBL. One array contained 285 clinical isolates in which the ESBLs-producing feature was screened by confirmatory tests recommended by Clinical and laboratory Standards Institute. The other array contained 28 enterobacterial isolates with their ESBLs gene and producing enzyme feature being confirmed previously.

用2组肠杆菌科细菌进行评估，一组为285株上海地区检出的临床分离株，这些菌株已用美国临床实验室标准化研究所推荐的确证试验确认了是否产ESBLs，另一组28株产ESBLS肠杆菌科细菌，在以前的研究工作中已确认了这些菌株的产酶特性和ESBLs。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。