肝脏的

Objective To investigate the differentiation of bone marrow derived Thy-1+β2M-cells into liver cells in allyl alcohol induced liver injury micro-environment.

研究表明，除了肝脏、胰腺中存在肝干细胞外，移植骨髓来源的干细胞也可在受者肝脏内分化为肝细胞和胆管上皮细胞[l，2]。

Methods: 1. Experimental laparoscopic liver resection: We selected pigs as experimental models aiming to approach human beings physiological and anatomical condition. After CO2 pneumoperitoneum was established, the ligaments around liver were dissociated. Livers were cut off by the methods such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, ultrasound dissector, Ligsure dissection, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, and Endo-GIA switcher. The operation time and bleeding volume were compared between different methods of laparoscopic liver resection. The advantages and limitations of different methods were summarized. 2. Clinical laparoscopic liver resection: 15 cases with tumors in segment V of anterior right lobe or segments II, III of left lateral lobe or segment IV of left internal lobe were selected in this study. The liver diseases included hepatocellular cancer, hepatic cavernous hemangioma and hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia. The ligaments around liver were dissociated after CO2 pneumoperitoneum established. Laparoscopic liver resection were carried out by some of the methods combined such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, ultrasound dissector, rotation and suction dissector.

1、实验性腹腔镜肝切除：以猪为实验动物，旨在接近人体的生理、解剖环境下进行实验，建立操作空间后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离切肝法、微波刀切肝法、超声刀切肝法、Ligsure切肝法、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除法、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法、Endo-GIA切肝法等方法实施腹腔镜下肝切除，比较不同切肝方法的手术时间、出血量，总结各种方法的优越性及其局限性。2、临床腹腔镜肝切除：选择肿瘤位于肝右前叶第Ⅴ段、肝左外叶第Ⅱ、Ⅲ段及左内叶第Ⅳ段的15例患者，病种包括原发性肝癌、肝海绵状血管瘤、肝脏局灶性增生，建立气腹后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离断肝、微波刀固化后断肝、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除、小切口腹腔镜辅助肝切除、超声刀断肝、旋吸断肝等多种方法分离切线肝组织，暴露管道结构，再采用高频电凝、钛夹夹闭、缝扎止血、止血纱布覆盖、氩气刀止血、生物胶止血、Endo-GIA处理等多种方法相结合处理肝断面，统计手术完成情况、手术时间、手术出血量、术后并发症及术后住院时间等，评价腹腔镜肝切除的可行性及安全性。

According to experimental results and etiopathogenisis and pathology of osteoporosis , and analyzing review investigation on hepcidin、associations of bone metabolism and iron metabolism and relations of ferri ion and calcium ion,we can make conclusions as follows: 1、We applied single manmade intervention approach to induce osteoporosis model in this study, there was no other influential factor. In the termination of test , rats bone density and bone histological anatomy indicated that osteoporosis model was creditable,meanwhile hepatic functional enzyme and hepatic microtome section demonstrated that hepatic function had noci-influence induced by medicinal herbs resource. Accordingly, we could believe that hepatic hepcidin gene expression and serum hepcidin contents can represent internal iron metabolism changes at selected test time. 2、In this investigation, different findings between test group and control group indicated that:according to changes of hepcidin gene expression measured by RT-PCR and changes of serum hepcidin contents determined by ELISA kit , there were correlations between hepcidin and rat osteoporosis model induced by retinoic acid. 3、Under the condition of this investigation,there was a interactive hypothesis as follows: Hepcidin iron metabolism←→ferriion←→calcium ion←→osteoporosis.

根据本次实验结果，对骨质疏松的病因病理的认识及铁代谢与铁调素、骨代谢与铁代谢关系、铁离子与钙离子的关系系列研究的回顾，经分析得出如下结论：1、本研究骨质疏松模型采用单一人工干预方法，没有其他影响因素；实验结束时大鼠骨密度、骨组织学检查表明骨质疏松形成，同时肝脏功能酶和HE切片显示肝脏功能未受药源性产生明显损伤性影响；因此，同期不同时间组大鼠肝脏铁调素基因表达、血清铁调素含量可以代表体内铁代谢不同时间的变化。2、在本研究中，模型组与对照组研究结果的差异表明：铁调素基因RT-PCR变化、血清铁调素ELISA测定含量变化与维甲酸制作的大鼠骨质疏松模型形成有实验相关性。3、在本研究平台下，形成了一个互相影响的假设图：铁调素←→铁代谢←→铁离子←→钙离子骨质疏松。

In the virtual surgery system, the virtual scalpel could be manipulated on 3D liver mould with PHANTOM. The simulating effect was the same as the clinic operation for auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation. Plane visualization of hepatic resection and intrahepatic vessel cutting was achieved by adjusting the transparency of the resection part. Life-like could be felt and power feeling could be touched during virtul operation. Conclusion ① The visualized liver mould reconstructed is 3D and verisimilar, and it is helpful to design reasonable scheme for liver transplantation.

在建立的虚拟手术系统的虚拟环境中，使用力反馈设备PHANTOM操纵"虚拟手术刀"模拟了辅助性部分原位肝移植的手术过程，其结果符合临床手术的效果；通过控制肝脏模型切除部分的透明度，使肝脏手术切割平面可视化以及肝脏内部管道手术切断平面可视化；手术模拟过程逼真，形象，且有"力"的感受。

IRHV was demonstrated in 153/270(56.7%), CHV was demonstrated in 68/270(25.2%). Conclusions Portal and hepatic vein can be displayed accurately by 3D 64-MSCT angiography , which could measure diameter or other information about the veins at any cross-section. Meanwhile, more anatomic information could be provided for hepatic segments resection and liver transplantation directively. Portal and hepatic vein diseases could be diagnosed by 3D 64-MSCTA accurately and directly also.

肝脏门静脉及肝静脉的多层螺旋CT血管成像能准确、立体地显示大血管的空间位置关系，在不同的切面上准确测量血管的直径或其他的解剖学数据，为临床提供大量有用的解剖学信息，对确定肝脏病灶的叶段切除和肝移植的手术方式具有指导价值，同时还能直观、准确地诊断肝脏门静脉及肝静脉的病变。

After finish the digestion, then flow back to the blood.also, during the period of liver and gallbladder concertrate in the hepatoenteral circulation,the bile acid can drain massively with the excrement.and more seriously after adding the fat feed stuff.if this condition go on, the fat cannot be absorbed in time and the energy will be wasted and cause some disease and etc.but after adding the appropriate exogenetic emulsifier,the question can be solved.

作为正常的机体，胆汁酸由肝脏分泌，进入肠道，在完成消化，回流入血液，又在肝脏和胆囊重新富集的肝肠循环的过程中，会经过粪便大量流失。在脂肪含量较高的饲料配方下，流失更为严重。日肝脏分泌量不足弥补流失量，会造成脂肪消化的阻滞，能量的浪费，且易诱发肝胆代谢紊乱等各种疾病。得不到消化吸收的油脂，在肠道内被噬油微生物降解，使噬油微生物类群大量增殖，打破原来肠道内微生态平衡，产生腹泻等菌群失调症，以上的问题，都是由于脂肪乳化作用不足和脂肪代谢失调造成的。在补充了合适本物种须求的外源性乳化剂后，问题可得到解决。

ObjectiveThe study was performed to pretreat with TP and Vit - C, respectively and then injected 25 mol/kg CdCl2 hypodermically. Liver and kidney index , serum activities of GPT and LDH, cadmium level and GSH,MDA concentration, GSH - Px activity in the liver, and renal cortex for the animals were determined 24 hours after the administration of cadmium .

目的 本文通过预先投与TP和Vit-C后对大鼠进行急性染镉，24h后测定其肝脏和肾脏的脏器系数，血清中的GPT和LDH活性，肝脏和肾脏皮质的Cd含量，GSH和MDA含量以及GSH-Px活性，观察TP和Vit-C预处理对急性染镉所致的肝脏和肾脏损伤的影响。

The oversaturation of cholesterol in bile results in the formation of cholesterol stones. The liver is the organ which synthesizes cholesterol and secretes bile. Liver lipid metabolism research helps to explain the mechanism of cholelithiasis. Utilizing biochemical and biomolecular technology, we have done experimental work as follows: Analyse the ingredient changes of blood and bile samples from patients.

肝脏是合成胆固醇、分泌胆汁酸的器官，对肝脏胆固醇代谢的研究有助于阐明胆石症形成的原因，本文用生物化学和分子生物学的方法，分析了病人血液、胆汁中各种脂类成份的变化，以及肝脏胆固醇合成限速酶3-羟-3-甲戊二酸辅酶A还原酶（HMG-CoA Reductase）、胆汁酸合成限速酶7α-羟化酶（7α-hydrolase）的基因表达。

PartⅢ: Normal liver regeneration after partial liver radiation: an experimental study onrats.Objective: To verify whether unirradiated normal liver has the ability to regenerateafter partial liver irradiation, and to investigate the timing of liver regeneration and the rolesof participated cytokines through an experimental study on rats.

第三部分：大鼠部分肝照射后正常肝脏再生的实验研究目的：通过对大鼠进行部分肝脏照射，检测未受照射的正常肝脏肝细胞是否出现再生现象，探讨再生的时间以及参与的细胞因子的作用。

Results: fops had inhibitory effect on o 2 production in vitro, having a 50% of inhibitory concentration (ic50) of 3.866×10-6 g/ml, and a weak inhibitory effect on h2o2 production with a ic50 of l.668×10-3 g/ml but showed a potent inhibitory effect on the various free radicals produced by "respiratory burst" of human leukocyte. fops (20, 40, 80 mg/kg) increased the sod activity in myocardial tissue, liver and kidney of mice and decreased the mda content of myocardial tissue, liver, kidney and spleen of mice.

结果：在体外阿里红多糖可有效的清除o 2，其ic50为3.866×10-6；对h2o2的清除作用很弱，但能抑制人血嗜中性粒细胞&呼吸爆发&产生的多种自由基，ic50为1.668×10-3；阿里多红糖（20、40、80 mg/kg）可明显增加小鼠心脏和肝脏中sod的活性，其中剂量为40、80 mg/kg的阿里红多糖可明显增加肝脏中sod的活性，同时各给药组均可明显减少小鼠心脏、肝脏、肾脏和脾中mda的含量，与对照组相比较差异有统计学意义（p.05）。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失