肝脏

The profile of liver CYP450 induction by DEX in male rat After 4 daily i.p. administering of 0,25, 50 and lOOmg/kg/d DEX in male Wistar rat, it was determined the total CYP450 content, the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP3A1, CYP3A2 and CYP2B1/2, and the ERD (CYP3A catalytic activity), PROD (CYP2B catalytic activity) and BROD (total CYP450 catalytic activity) in livers.

DEX对雄性大鼠肝脏CYP450的诱导效应雄性Wistar大鼠腹注0、25、50和100mg DEX/kg/d诱导处理4天后，测定大鼠肝脏总CYP450含量，CYP3A1、CYP3A2和CYP2B1/2的mRNA及蛋白表达水平，肝脏红酶素脱甲基酶(ERD，CYP3A活性)，苄氧基试卤灵脱乙基酶(PROD，CYP2B活性)，苯氧基试卤灵脱乙基酶(BROD，总CYP450活性)，结果表明，CYP450含量、ERD、PROD和BROD在DEX多次诱导后都有升高，CYP3A1 mRNA表达水平、蛋白含量和酶活性有明显的升高，剂量效应关系明显；CYP3A2蛋白也有明显升高，而其mRNA表达水平却没有变化，提示CYP3A1和CYP3A2的诱导机制可能不同。

The profile of liver CYP450 induction by DEX in male ratAfter 4 daily i.p. administering of 0,25, 50 and lOOmg/kg/d DEX in male Wistar rat, it was determined the total CYP450 content, the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP3A1, CYP3A2 and CYP2B1/2, and the ERD (CYP3A catalytic activity), PROD (CYP2B catalytic activity) and BROD (total CYP450 catalytic activity) in livers.

DEX对雄性大鼠肝脏CYP450的诱导效应雄性Wistar大鼠腹注0、25、50和100mg DEX/kg/d诱导处理4天后，测定大鼠肝脏总CYP450含量，CYP3A1、CYP3A2和CYP2B1/2的mRNA及蛋白表达水平，肝脏红酶素脱甲基酶(ERD，CYP3A活性)，苄氧基试卤灵脱乙基酶(PROD，CYP2B活性)，苯氧基试卤灵脱乙基酶(BROD，总CYP450活性)，结果表明，CYP450含量、ERD、PROD和BROD在DEX多次诱导后都有升高，CYP3A1 mRNA表达水平、蛋白含量和酶活性有明显的升高，剂量效应关系明显；CYP3A2蛋白也有明显升高，而其mRNA表达水平却没有变化，提示CYP3A1和CYP3A2的诱导机制可能不同。

Methods: 1. Experimental laparoscopic liver resection: We selected pigs as experimental models aiming to approach human beings physiological and anatomical condition. After CO2 pneumoperitoneum was established, the ligaments around liver were dissociated. Livers were cut off by the methods such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, ultrasound dissector, Ligsure dissection, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, and Endo-GIA switcher. The operation time and bleeding volume were compared between different methods of laparoscopic liver resection. The advantages and limitations of different methods were summarized. 2. Clinical laparoscopic liver resection: 15 cases with tumors in segment V of anterior right lobe or segments II, III of left lateral lobe or segment IV of left internal lobe were selected in this study. The liver diseases included hepatocellular cancer, hepatic cavernous hemangioma and hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia. The ligaments around liver were dissociated after CO2 pneumoperitoneum established. Laparoscopic liver resection were carried out by some of the methods combined such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, ultrasound dissector, rotation and suction dissector.

1、实验性腹腔镜肝切除：以猪为实验动物，旨在接近人体的生理、解剖环境下进行实验，建立操作空间后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离切肝法、微波刀切肝法、超声刀切肝法、Ligsure切肝法、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除法、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法、Endo-GIA切肝法等方法实施腹腔镜下肝切除，比较不同切肝方法的手术时间、出血量，总结各种方法的优越性及其局限性。2、临床腹腔镜肝切除：选择肿瘤位于肝右前叶第Ⅴ段、肝左外叶第Ⅱ、Ⅲ段及左内叶第Ⅳ段的15例患者，病种包括原发性肝癌、肝海绵状血管瘤、肝脏局灶性增生，建立气腹后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离断肝、微波刀固化后断肝、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除、小切口腹腔镜辅助肝切除、超声刀断肝、旋吸断肝等多种方法分离切线肝组织，暴露管道结构，再采用高频电凝、钛夹夹闭、缝扎止血、止血纱布覆盖、氩气刀止血、生物胶止血、Endo-GIA处理等多种方法相结合处理肝断面，统计手术完成情况、手术时间、手术出血量、术后并发症及术后住院时间等，评价腹腔镜肝切除的可行性及安全性。

According to experimental results and etiopathogenisis and pathology of osteoporosis , and analyzing review investigation on hepcidin、associations of bone metabolism and iron metabolism and relations of ferri ion and calcium ion,we can make conclusions as follows: 1、We applied single manmade intervention approach to induce osteoporosis model in this study, there was no other influential factor. In the termination of test , rats bone density and bone histological anatomy indicated that osteoporosis model was creditable,meanwhile hepatic functional enzyme and hepatic microtome section demonstrated that hepatic function had noci-influence induced by medicinal herbs resource. Accordingly, we could believe that hepatic hepcidin gene expression and serum hepcidin contents can represent internal iron metabolism changes at selected test time. 2、In this investigation, different findings between test group and control group indicated that:according to changes of hepcidin gene expression measured by RT-PCR and changes of serum hepcidin contents determined by ELISA kit , there were correlations between hepcidin and rat osteoporosis model induced by retinoic acid. 3、Under the condition of this investigation,there was a interactive hypothesis as follows: Hepcidin iron metabolism←→ferriion←→calcium ion←→osteoporosis.

根据本次实验结果，对骨质疏松的病因病理的认识及铁代谢与铁调素、骨代谢与铁代谢关系、铁离子与钙离子的关系系列研究的回顾，经分析得出如下结论：1、本研究骨质疏松模型采用单一人工干预方法，没有其他影响因素；实验结束时大鼠骨密度、骨组织学检查表明骨质疏松形成，同时肝脏功能酶和HE切片显示肝脏功能未受药源性产生明显损伤性影响；因此，同期不同时间组大鼠肝脏铁调素基因表达、血清铁调素含量可以代表体内铁代谢不同时间的变化。2、在本研究中，模型组与对照组研究结果的差异表明：铁调素基因RT-PCR变化、血清铁调素ELISA测定含量变化与维甲酸制作的大鼠骨质疏松模型形成有实验相关性。3、在本研究平台下，形成了一个互相影响的假设图：铁调素←→铁代谢←→铁离子←→钙离子骨质疏松。

Below 200 times smooth lens, area of illuminate of domestic hare liver all appears out-of-the-way sex injures vein blood-vessel in the center of different level flocculus hepatic illuminate area has times light of;400 below lens the Kupffer cell that gobbles up a function relatively not illuminate area has decrease apparently.

菲力磁增强自旋回波序列T1WI、T2WI扫描分别检出11只、9只阳性家兔，肝脏照射区呈高或相对高信号改变。200倍光镜下，家兔肝脏照射区均出现不同程度小叶中心静脉血管闭塞性损伤；400倍光镜下肝脏照射区具有吞噬功能的Kupffer细胞较未照射区有明显减少。

These results indicated that the variations of taurine concentration in liver not only affacted liver steroid metabolism, but also influenced hepatic other lipid (such as glyceride and phospholipid) metabolism.

本研究结果表明，肝脏牛磺酸浓度的变化不仅影响肝脏固醇代谢，而且肝脏其它脂质的代谢也发生改变。

Medical terms related to the liver often start in hepato- or hepatic from the Greek word for liver, hepar.

医学上常与肝脏开始肝或肝脏来自希腊字肝脏、肝。

Hepatic copper content was measured in 17 patients and was above 250 mug/g dry weight in 13. One patient with hepatic presentation had "fulminant" WD, the remaining 14 abnormal liver function tests and/or hepatomegaly.

测量17名患者肝脏中铜含量，其中13名大于250 mug/g干重。1名患者的肝脏图像显示有WD "爆发"，剩余14名患者肝脏功能测试异常和/或肝肿大。

Methods 241 cases without liver diseases and hepatomegaly were selected. Their liver volume, the maximal and hepatic hilar cross-sectional areas in normal adult were obtained from abdominal CT examinations.

选择无肝脏疾病和引起肝脏增大因素的CT检查者241例，测量计算正常成人肝脏的体积、最大平面面积和肝门平面面积。

Quantitatively, the optical density of NADPH-d positive neurons in all of the related nuclei was significantly increased in the BDL animals compared with controls. Since NO is thought to be able to increase the motilities of the gallbladder and the sphincter of Oddi in anesthelized rabbits, the elevation of NADPH-d and NOS reactivities is likely to magnify the excitatory effect on the extrahepatic biliary system for the purpose of depletion of the loitered bile juice from the jaundiced liver. These data may also have important implications for the altered state of circulatory, metabolic or regenerative responsiveness under pathological condition.

此现象一来可推测，肝脏在遭受胆管阻塞性黄胆的伤害后，其代谢、血液动态与温度调节作用势必改变、紊乱、甚至失功能，而感觉神经也势必会接受到大量的机械性、化学性、渗透性等感知讯息，所以感觉神经元将一氧化氮制造量提升，有助於感觉讯息的快速传报，以发挥回馈调控的效果；二来可表示，自主神经系统不论是交感或副交感神经，为了因应胆管阻塞所造成肝脏的病变，以增加一氧化氮的制造，意欲刺激肝外胆道系统，排空滞留在肝脏内或胆囊内的胆汁，而达到恢复肝脏内代谢、血液循环、胆汁流动等功能控制的恒定状态。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。