肝脏

Fibroblast growth factor 21（FGF21）is a novel fatty metabolic regulator. FGF21 mRNA is most abundantly expressed in liver. FGF21 contribute to fat metabolism, as well as ketogenic responses in liver,and it can promote the uptake of glucose, promote insulin secretion, delaying the development of tumors and other function.

成纤维细胞生长因子21（fibroblast growth factor 21，FGF21）是一种主要的脂肪代谢调节因子，主要在肝脏中表达；FGF21有助于肝脏的脂肪代谢以及生酮反应，可以促进脂肪细胞摄取葡萄糖，促进胰岛素分泌，延缓肿瘤的发展等功能。

This picture could probably suffice for non-Hodgkin's lymphomatous hepatic disease as well.

图示的肝脏与非霍奇金淋巴瘤肝脏病变相似。

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of mandelic acid on mice infected by Toxoplasma gondii.

目的用免疫组织化学ABC法观察扁桃酸治疗小鼠急性弓形虫病肝脏的病变，探讨扁桃酸对病变肝脏的保护作用。

Objective: To establish a quantifiable and easily manipulable mouse model of liver regeneration by partial hepatectomy, so as to provide a basis for investigating the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological significance of liver regeneration.

目的：利用肝部分切除术，建立可准确量化和易于操控的小鼠肝脏再生模型，为研究肝脏再生的细胞和分子生物学机制及其病理学意义提供技术平台。

As a supplement of conventional CT, CT perfusion imaging can reveal the perfusion informations of tissue or organs, such as hemodynamics, microcirculation status. It is helpful not only in finding morphologic changes, but also in providing functional and metabolizable information about the circulation parameters of hepatic diseases. So, it is valid for studying liver disorders by providing functional information, especial for the differential diagnosis and assessment for therapeutic response.

作为常规CT的一种补充，它能提供组织器官微循环状况、血流动力学变化等其它灌注参数，对肝脏病变除了能显示解剖形态学改变，还能了解血流动力学状态等反映功能、代谢变化的信息，在肝脏疾病的影像诊断与鉴别诊断等方面具有重要的作用，特别是对各种治疗方法的疗效评估及监测具有指导意义。

METHODS: Fetal liver was obtained sterilely. Monoplast suspension was collected by collagenase digestion and mechanical separation, and then centrifuged using 1.070 g/mL Percoll separating medium and 1.077 g/mL Ficoll separating medium. Cells achieved from the interface of separatory liquids were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium, supplemented with 0.1 volume fraction of fetal bovine serum, 20 μg/L hepatocyte growth factor and 40 μg/L epidermal growth factor, for 9 days.

无菌状态下取出胎儿肝脏，以胶原酶消化法和机械分离法获得胎儿肝脏来源单细胞悬液，分别采用1.070 g/mL Percoll分离液和1.077 g/mL Ficoll分离液进行密度梯度离心，吸取界层细胞，添加含体积分数为0.1 FBS、20 μg/L肝细胞生长因子、40 μg/L表皮生长因子的DMEM/F12新鲜培养基诱导9 d。

PartⅡ:Effect of bicyclol on hepatocyte apoptosis in alcohol-intoxicated mice and related mechanismsThree consecutive intragastric administration of alcohol(6g/kg)in 12h interval resulted in an obvious liver injury and inflammation in mice,as indicated by the elevation of serum alanine transaminase(2.2 fold of control),increased hepatic COX-2 protein expression(2.2 fold of control),as well as liver pathological changes characterized by myelonic degeneration,vacuolar degeneration and inflammatory infiltration.

双环醇对酒精中毒小鼠肝脏细胞凋亡的保护作用及机制研究小鼠连续三次酒精(6g/kg)灌胃后可导致明显肝损伤，变现为血清ALT水平升高(为对照组的2.2倍)，肝脏炎症相关蛋白环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2，COX-2)表达增加(为对照组的2.2倍)，肝组织出现髓样变性、小空泡变性和炎性细胞浸润。

Absrtact: Objective :T o explore the effect of endurance training on the level of nitric oxide in nonalcohol fatty liver in ApoE - knock2 out mice and its protection or oxidative injury.

摘 要：目的研究耐力运动对非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠肝脏NO水平的影响及其对肝脏的保护或氧化损伤作用。

Endurance training increased the activity of iNOS in liver , thereby in2 creasing the level of NO , but the high level of NO didn' t result in the oxidative injury of the liver. I t indicated that the protection or oxidative injuri of nitric oxide in nonalcohol fatty liver was closely related to the physiological state of life.

耐力运动引起非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠肝脏iNOS活性升高，导致 NO水平升高，而高水平的 NO并未造成肝脏的氧化损伤，说明 NO水平的升高并不一定造成氧化损伤，其是否具有氧化损伤作用与机体的生理状态有关。

This review focuses on the current research progress of the liver cell differentiation source, and it also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various hepatic stem cells and nonhepatic stem cells, expecting to provide a reference for liver cell source selection during tissue engineering, an adequate and suitable source for bioartificial liver and hepatocyte transplantation and to help to treat liver diseases.

本文着重论述了目前肝脏细胞的分化来源研究进展情况，并对各种肝源性和非肝源性干细胞的优缺点进行了讨论，以期为肝组织工程选择细胞来源提供参考，为生物人工肝、肝细胞移植提供充足、合适的细胞来源，协助治疗肝脏疾病。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。