肌韧带的

BACKGROUND: Currently, the materials used in clinical practice to repair cruciate ligament of knee joint contain auto-graft bone- mid 1/3 patella tendon-bone, auto-semitendinous muscle, gracilis muscle and allogenic tissue graft. All of them are limited to a certain degree in clinical application.

背景：目前临床上修复膝关节叉韧带断裂的材料有自体膑腱、自体半腱肌和股薄肌，以及同种异体组织移植等，但这些方法都存在一定的局限性。

The main components were a lateral expansion to the oblique popliteal ligament; a direct arm, which attached to the tibia; and an anterior arm. The oblique popliteal ligament, the largest posterior knee structure, formed a broad fascial sheath over the posterior aspect of the knee and measured 48.0 mm in length and 9.5 mm wide at its medial origin and 16.4 mm wide at its lateral attachment. It had two lateral attachments, one to the meniscofemoral portion of the posterolateral joint capsule and one to the tibia, along the lateral border of the posterior cruciate ligament facet. The semimembranosus also had a distal tibial expansion, which formed a posterior fascial layer over the popliteus muscle.

主要的部分是一个可以侧方扩展的腘斜韧带，最大的膝关节后方的组织结构，形成了一个较大的筋膜外皮位于膝关节的后方，测量结果显示长度为48mm，边缘宽度为9.5mm，侧方附件的宽度为16.4mm，它具有两个方面的附件，一个位于半月板股骨间部分的后外侧关节囊和一个在胫骨端的后叉韧带边缘，半膜肌同时也存在一个远处的胫骨扩展，形成了一个后方的筋膜附着腘肌。

Background: Numerous techniques for reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligaments have been developed to treat acromioclavicular joint separations. A new, stronger method to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligaments using semitendinosus tendon allografts has been previously described. No outcome studies have been published on this new procedure.

背景：目前重建喙锁韧带治疗肩锁关节分离的技术层出不穷，一种新的，坚固的通过同种异体半腱肌移植重建喙锁韧带技术曾经被描述过，然而对这一新技术的临床效果却没有文献公开报道。

The principles of the operative technique are to (1) restore coronoid stability throughfracture fixation (type-II or III fractures7) or through anterior capsular repair (a type-I fracture),(2) restore radial head stability through fracture fixation or replacement with a metal prosthesis,(3) restore lateral stability through repair of the lateral collateral ligament complex and associated so-called secondary constraints such as the common extensor origin and/or the posterolateral capsule,(4) repair the medial collateral ligament in patients with residual posterior instability, and (5) apply a hinged external fixator when conventional repair does not establish sufficient joint stability to allow early motion.

外科手术的原则是：①通过骨折固定(2型骨折或3型骨折)或者经前方关节囊修复(1型骨折)恢复冠状突的稳定。②通过骨折固定或假体置换恢复桡骨头的稳定性③通过修复侧副韧带以及相关的所谓的次要限制如伸肌群起点和后外侧关节囊。④残余的后侧不稳，修复内侧副韧带⑤当传统的修复方法不能建立有效的关节稳定以便允许早期活动时，可以应用外固定器。

A total of 150 mesenchymal neoplasms of the GI tract, abdominal cavity, and retroperitoneum were retrieved from consult and surgical pathology archives, including 54 GISTs (8 KIT-negative; 13 desmin-positive), 17 GI leiomyosarcomas, 11 GI mural leiomyomas, 13 leiomyomas of the muscularis mucosae, 12 gastric schwannomas, 15 inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, 9 cases of mesenteric desmoid fibromatosis, 10 dedifferentiated liposarcomas, and 9 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

我们从会诊病例及活检病例中找出150例间叶性肿瘤（来自胃肠道、腹腔和后腹膜），其中包括54例GISTs（8例KIT阴性、13例desmin阳性）、17例GI道平滑肌肉瘤、11例GI道肌壁间平滑肌瘤、13例GI道粘膜肌层平滑肌瘤、12例胃的神经鞘瘤、15例炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤、9例肠系膜韧带样纤维瘤、10例去分化型脂肪肉瘤和9例恶性外周神经鞘膜瘤。

Conchusion:The way shows some advantages such as simplicity,clear anotomy,keeping and reinforcing the function of the levator palpebral superioris and according with the physiological and cosmetic demands.

提上睑肌缩短术联合Whitnall韧带治疗先天性上睑下垂方法简单，解剖清楚，保留并加强了提上睑肌的作用，效果确切可靠，合乎生理及美容要求。

The faciform ligament is an important sign of laparoscopic liver surgery and a way of collateral circulation of liver. The superior liver artery found and named in this research can be an important sign to judge the position of hepatic vein. The operation pathway by cutting down the perihepatic ligament next to the superior border of liver is a quick way with little blood. It is difficult to hurt diaphragm and hepatic vein, and the secundum porta hepatic can be showed clearly. As a rule, we break the hepatic vein in the hepatic parenchyma on laparoscopic hepatectomy. But in some situation, extrahepatic treatment was used.

镰状韧带是腹腔镜肝脏外科入路的重要标志，是肝脏侧枝循环的重要途径；本文所发现并命名的肝上动脉可以作为判定肝静脉位置的重要标志；紧贴肝上缘打开肝周韧带，不易损伤膈肌和肝静脉，出血少、速度快，可以使第二肝门获得良好的手术显露；腹腔镜肝切除时一般在肝实质内切断肝静脉，在个别情况也可以预先在第二肝门结扎切断肝静脉。

Objective To introduce the rehabilitation methods after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament with quadru-pled-stranded semitendinosus tendon and suture plate.

目的：介绍采用四股半腱肌肌腱和缝线钢板重建前十字韧带后的康复训练方法，总结某近期效果。方法：对51例陈旧性前十字韧带损伤的患者采用四股半腱肌肌腱和缝线钢板进行重建，术后进行1年以上系统的康复指导。

The initial point of collateral ligament was drilled two holes, 2 to 3 mm in distance, and crossed by steel wire. Then the superficial flexor tendon of finger was crossed under the steel wire and sutured to the terminal point of superficial flexor tendon of finger by 5/0 to 7/0 nontraumatic suture thread to maintain suitable tension, and sutured to collateral ligament by 8/0 nontraumatic suture thread.

用细克氏针在侧副韧带起点处向健侧钻两个相距2～3 mm骨孔穿过钢丝，切开屈肌腱鞘，从指浅屈肌腱一侧近端切取所需长度肌腱束，此肌腱束穿过钢丝孔，保持肌腱束的合适张力，用5/0～7/0无创线缝合于浅腱止点，应用8/0针线将肌腱束缝合于韧带上。

Then the superficial flexor tendon of finger was crossed under the steel wire and sutured to the terminal point of superficial flexor tendon of finger by 5/0 to 7/0 nontraumatic suture thread to maintain suitable tension, and sutured to collateral ligament by 8/0 nontraumatic suture thread.

用细克氏针在侧副韧带起点处向健侧钻两个相距2～3 mm骨孔穿过钢丝，切开屈肌腱鞘，从指浅屈肌腱一侧近端切取所需长度肌腱束，此肌腱束穿过钢丝孔，保持肌腱束的合适张力，用5/0～7/0无创线缝合于浅腱止点，应用8/0针线将肌腱束缝合于韧带上。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。