肌质

The effect of concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd on the viscosity and gel properties of actomyosin and myosin was determined by using texture analyzer after addition of heavy metals.

为了解重金属离子污染对鱼体质地的影响，通过外源添加不同浓度的Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr、Cd重金属离子，采用质构仪测定添加不同浓度金属离子对肌动球蛋白和肌球蛋白黏性和凝胶特性的影响。

In order to develop a safe and effective immunoadjuvant to enhance the immunity and resistance of animals against infection, a novel CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides containing 11 CpG motifs was synthesized and inserted into the VR1012 plasmid, designated as VR1C. Then the recombinant VR1C was entrapped with Chitosan nanoparticles prepared by the method of ionic cross linkage, and employed to inject muscularly 3-weeks old Kunming mice; the blank VR1012 packed with CNP and saline were used to inoculate mice as the control groups. 28 days after inoculation, all mice were orally fed with 0.4ml 2x108CFU/ per mouse virulent hemorrhagic enteritis E. coli to challenge the resistance against infection.

为研制安全高效免疫调节剂增强动物免疫抗病能力，本实验设计合成含11个C pG基序的寡聚核苷酸，重组构建含CpG的VR1012质粒(VR1C)；制备壳聚糖纳米颗粒包裹重组质粒(CNP-VR1C)，肌注接种3周龄昆明小白鼠，设壳聚糖包裹空质粒和生理盐水对照组；接种后28天口服大肠杆菌攻毒观察小鼠天然免疫的变化和对强毒感染的抵抗力，Sandwich ELISA测定血清免疫球蛋白和白细胞介素含量。

The PSCA_3 fragment was selected for its superior expression level in eukaryotic cells.Then the sig-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI genetic fragment was cloned into pVAX1-neo-IRES-GM/B7 vector to construct the final immunological inhanced DNA vaccine pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to confirm the expression of PSCA_3 fragment by transfected into Cos7 cell.Finally,the anti-tumor effect of pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB was tested in murine prostate cancer model generated by RM-1 cell line.The animal was immunized with pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB DNA vaccine by intramuscular injection plus electroporation,pVAX1 and pVAX1-PSCA_1-FcGB plasmid were used as control.The inhibitory effect of tumor was investigated by observion of forming time,volume and inhibition ratio of tumor.Results:DNA sequencing conformed that the heterological PSCA fusion antigen fragment which was synchronized by overlapping-extending-PCR,was consistent to design.Enzyme digestion analysis showed that the 1 to 4 copies heterological PSCA fusion antigen fragments were constructed successfully.

方法(1)检索GenBank，选择包含人主要T细胞抗原表位序列的人PSCA基因片段，应用异种化抗原设计技术，保留人T细胞抗原表位，设计异种化PSCA融合抗原片段；(2)根据核酸序列按中心模板法设计引物，应用重叠延伸PCR技术拼接合成异种化PSCA融合抗原片段基因，以PCR、限制性酶切和DNA序列测定法进行鉴定：(3)利用DNA限制性内切酶BssHⅡ和MluⅠ酶切后粘端互补的特点，采用同尾酶法构建1—4拷贝异种化PSCA融合抗原片段(PNCA_1-PSCA_4)，并将上述片段分别插入真核表达载体pCI-neo-Fc-GPI中，转染293T细胞，借助免疫荧光+流式细胞术考察插入片段表达效率，最终选定PSCA_3片段进行下一步研究；(4)将sig-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI基因片段自pCI-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI质粒上切下，插入pVAX1-neo-IRES—GM/B7载体中，构建免疫增效DNA疫苗pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB，并应用转染Cos7细胞+免疫荧光/流式细胞术方法鉴定其在真核细胞中的表达情况；(5)给8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠皮下种植RM-1细胞，制备小鼠前列腺癌模型，并采用股四头肌肌肉注射+电脉冲法(Electroporation，EP)接种DNA疫苗质粒pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB，同时接种pVAX1空载体质粒和pVAX1-PSCA_1-FcGB质粒作为对照，通过观察计算免疫动物的成瘤时间、肿瘤体积和抑瘤率，来评价该DNA疫苗在小鼠体内的抑瘤效果。

This review focused on the biological significance of matrix metalloproteinases in its regulation when mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into myoblastic, osteoblastic, chondroblastic, neural, and apidoblastic lineages.

文章详细阐述了基质金属蛋白酶在间充质干细胞分化为成肌细胞、成骨细胞、破骨细胞、神经细胞、脂肪细胞过程中所起的重要生物学作用，并对基质金属蛋白酶在间充质干细胞分化中的调控作用进行分析。

RESULTS: After differentiation of human adherent myoblasts by neural induction medium, no cells with a neural cell morphology (ie., small, refractile cell body with dendritic cell extensions) were seen. All remaining myoblasts cultured with neural induction medium, myoblasts with proliferation medium and myotubes with differentiation medium containing 20 mL/L HS were positive for β Tubulin Ⅲ. C2C12 myoblasts were negative for β Tubulin Ⅲ. In contrast, all the above cells were negative for the markers Neurofilament Mr 68×103 and GFAP.

结果：用诱导分化液作用后，未见小的、伴有突起的放射状形态的神经细胞；抗β Tubulin Ⅲ对经神经元胶质细胞诱导分化液作用后的人成肌细胞、增殖培养液培养后的各代人成肌细胞及仅含20 mL/L HS分化液分化形成的肌管细胞染色均为阳性； C2C12细胞β Tubulin Ⅲ抗体染色阴性；上述所有细胞抗Neurofilament Mr 68×103和抗GFAP染色均为阴性。

Whereas osteoporosis is unassociated with bone pain, osteomalacia has been associated with isolated or generalized bone pain.39,40 The cause is thought to be hydration of the demineralized gelatin matrix beneath the periosteum; the hydrated matrix pushes outward on the periosteum, causing throbbing, aching pain.7 Osteomalacia can often be diagnosed by using moderate force to press the thumb on the sternum or anterior tibia, which can elicit bone pain.7,40 One study showed that 93% of persons 10 to 65 years of age who were admitted to a hospital emergency department with muscle aches and bone pain and who had a wide ariety of diagnoses, including fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and depression, were deficient in itamin D.41

然而，骨质疏松症与骨痛无关联，而软骨病则与局部性或全身性骨痛有关。其原因被认为是骨膜下已去矿质化的胶原基质上发生的水合反应，水合的胶原基质在骨膜上向外扩张，引起阵痛。软骨病可通过以拇指适度挤压胸骨和胫骨前方以引起骨痛感。一项研究显示10岁到65岁中有93%的人向医院急诊室承认有肌肉疼痛和骨痛症状，他们还有一些其他症状包括纤维肌痛、慢性疲劳综合征、抑郁等，该研究显示他们都缺乏维生素D。本人已认领该文第9、10两部分，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。本人已认领该文11、12部分编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。本人认领第十三部分，48小时内交稿请战友纠错！

The injured gill cells had a different ultrastructure, with endoplasmic reticulum dilated and vesiculated, mitochondrial cristaes partially disintegrated, gill fibre cuticles denatured and dropped. The ultrastructural damages to hepatopancreatic cells were characterized by the decrease of microvilli, swelling and breaking up of mitochondria, expansion of endoplasmic reticulum, disruption and vacuolization of nucleus, tumefaction of nuclear membrane and increase of lipid droplets. As for the toxicological changes of myocardial cells, the mitochondria were swelling, having a lot of vacuolus and disintegrating, while the myofibrils were irregular with endoplasmic reticulum dissolved.

鳃细胞的损害表现为鳃丝水肿，细胞器溶解，角质层变薄，线粒体、内质网的肿胀、解体；肝胰脏细胞的主要损害特征为肝管微绒毛减少，线粒体水肿解体，内质网扩张，细胞核空泡化，核膜水肿和脂肪滴增加；心脏细胞的毒理变化为线粒体内嵴肿胀、瓦解，肌原纤维不规则，内质网溶解。

Results: 5 protuberances from outside organ (aorta, n=2; spleen, n=1; gallblader, n=1; left hepatic lobe, n=1) and 82 SMTs were detected by mEUS including 45 leiomyomas (esophageal, n=38; gastric. N=7), 17 benign strornal tumours. 6 malignent stromal tumours in stomach. 4 Jipomas (esophageal, n=1; gastric, n=3), 3 varices in gastric fundus. 4 etopic pacreaces in stomach 3 cysts in duodenum. 19 leiomyomas derived from muscularis mucosa, 4 lipomas and 3 cysts derived from suhmucosa were resected by endoscopic snare cauterization. 3 varices in fundus were treated by nylon ligation. 5 malignent stromal tumours were resected surgically. Of which 30 were identified by pathology except 1 malignent stromal tumour was misdiagnosed as leiomyoma by EUS.

结果：mEUS检查的87例患者中，发现消化道壁外压迫5例（其中主动脉弓2例，脾脏1例，胆囊及肝左叶各1例）；粘膜下肿瘤82例，包括平滑肌瘤45例，良性间质瘤17例，恶性间质瘤6例，脂肪瘤4例，静脉瘤3例，异位胰腺4例，囊肿3例。19例起源于粘膜肌层的平滑肌瘤行高频电切除术切除，3例静脉瘤行尼龙圈套结扎，4例脂肪瘤及3例囊肿行高频电切除。5例恶性间质瘤行手术治疗。1例平滑肌瘤，切除后病理诊断为恶性间质瘤，其余的病理诊断与超声诊断相符。

Methods Marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and purified from mouse femoral bone and shinbones using differential adherent methods. Cells at the third passage were induced by 20% FBS in conditioned medium, conditioned medium alone, 20% FBS or 10% FBS alone respectively. Mouse aortic smooth muscle cells were cultured as the positive control. Levels of mRNA and protein expression of myoeardin and several smooth muscle cells marker genes were determined by immumofluorescenee, RT-PCR and Western blot before and 3, 7, 10, 14d after the induction. The presence of smooth muscle myofilaments was detected by using transmission electron microscope.

采用伞骨髓贴壁法分离骨髓问充质干细胞，CM联合20%FBS诱导骨髓间充质干细胞，同时设立持续10%FBS、单20%FBS及单CM诱导下的骨髓间充质十细胞对照组和SMC阳性对照组，分别于诱导前及诱导3、7、10和14 d时观察细胞形态的变化，并在相应的时间点用免疫荧光法、逆转录聚合酶链反应法、Western blot半定量分析法榆测myocardin以及SMC表面各种标志基因的表达变化，用透射电镜检测诱导后细胞内肌丝存在以此来证实诱导分化成功。

Results Group C had the symptoms such as reduced activity, acceded, indulge in lying and weight loss after 3 weeks of immune injection, 14 out of 16 SD rats in Group B had the same symptoms as Group C after 4～5 weeks of immune injection, the serum enzymes in model groups increased significantly compared with those of the control group, model group C was much higher than model group B; the duration shorted, amplitude decreased, multiphase wave increased in electromyogram of model groups; MRI examination revealed samples from model group B and C had one positive case each, which presented T1MI isodensity or hypodensity signal, T2MI and STIR serial hyperdensity signal, revealing muscle inflammation; all rats'skeletal muscle from model group C and 11 out of model group B had pathological changes, which exhibited striated muscle focal fiber degeneration, necrotized and inflammatory cell infiltration, interstitial vessel wall thickening, random cardiac muscle samples had 3 positive changes, which had similar changes to skeletal muscle, there was 1 positive change from lung sample.

结果：模型C组于免疫注射第3周左右开始出现活动减少，倦怠嗜卧，食欲体重下降等表现，模型B组有14只SD大鼠于免疫注射第4～5周出现上述症状，较C组为轻；模型组肌酶谱中，肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶、谷草转氨酶与对照组比较明显升高，模型C组较模型B组升高更显著；模型组肌电图时限缩短，波幅降低，多相波增多；磁共振检查模型B组和C组选送标本中各有一例有阳性改变，表现为T1MI等或稍低信号，T2MI及STIR序列为高信号，提示肌肉炎症水肿改变；模型B组有11只，模型C组全部大鼠骨骼肌出现病理改变，表现为横纹肌局灶性分布的肌纤维变性炎细胞浸润，间质小血管壁增厚、扩张，随机选送的心肌标本中有3例有阳性改变，表现与骨骼肌相仿，选送的肺标本中有1例有阳性改变，表现为蛋白渗出，炎症细胞浸润和小血管改变。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。