肌肉组织

The deduced amino acid sequence of red sea bream MHC classⅡB 1(Chma-DAB*0101) had 87.1%,85.1%,87.1%,90.4%,87.1%,90.8% identity with those of red sea bream classⅡB 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7(Chma-DAB*0201-Chma-DAB*0701), respectively, and had 75.2%, 74.5%, 55.9%, 55.1%, 34.3% and 30.4 % identity with those of striped sea bass, cichlid, rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon, mouse and human, respectively.

以正常鱼和鳗弧菌感染后真鲷组织为材料，以反转录合成的第一链cDNA为模板，应用RT-PCR半定量检测方法对真鲷的MHCⅡB基因组织表达特点进行了研究，结果表明，在正常真鲷组织中，其中较强的表达于鳃、脾、头肾、肾、胃、小肠和心脏中，在肌肉和血中表达最弱。

The article summarized the relationship of meat quality and type of muscle fiber,diameter of muscle fiber,density of muscle fiber,the percent of muscle fiber,the percent of connective tissue,the percent of fat tissue in muscle, sarcomere length and so on.

肌肉的组织学特性与肉质具有一定的相关性，本文综述了禽类骨骼肌肌纤维类型、肌纤维直径、肌纤维密度、肌纤维面积比例、结缔组织面积比例、脂肪组织面积比例以及肌节长度等组织学特性与肉品品质的关系。

As direct recordings for sound production in live specimens of this species could not easily be carried out, function of these swim bladder muscles was assessed by means of biochemical assay. Activities of Citrate synthase and L-lactate dehydrogenase, known to involve with energy supply during muscle contraction were assessed.

而直接测量活体的发音有执行上的困难，因此用酵素分析(包括Citrate synthase ，CS 与 L-lactate dehydrogenase ，LDH)来探讨此鱼鳔附属肌肉急其他不同类型肌肉之间的代谢模式，并用组织染色法测量肌纤维截面积可探究此肌肉之功能。

But in 2007, scientists made a revolutionary breakthrough. Three different groups simultaneously announced that they had converted unipotent, mature skin cells back into an undifferentiated state. In other words, they had created cells that behaved like embryonic stem cells without using any embryo derived materials. These new cells, dubbed "induced pluripotent stem cells" or IPS's could then be converted into a variety of different cell types, such as pancreas, muscle or brain cells. The IPS's were created by inserting certain genes into the DNA of the adult cells.

不过，在2007年，科学家已经取得了重大突破，三个不同组织同时发表声明称：已经能将成熟皮细胞转化回心肌细胞，也就是说不通过胚胎组织就能让细胞具有胚胎干细胞的属性，能够让多种不同类型的细胞细胞如胰腺细胞，肌肉细胞或脑细胞重新转化为人造胚胎干细胞，将某种组织注入成体细胞DNA中便能产生IPS'S。

We found that 1 mutant EG4 cells showed typical characteristics of pluripotent stem cells which had no obvious difference with wild cells; 2 When induced by 10〓 M retinoic acid , mutant EG4 cells differentiated into adipocytes with high frequency compared with mutant cells, suggested that EGFR plays a role in adipocyte differentiation; 3 when injected into nude mice, mutant teratocarcinomas contained a large amount of connective tissues as well as skeletal muscle, while wild EG4 cells produced frequently cartilage, keratinocyte and neuroepithelium.

我们建立了稳定表达胞内区功能缺失的外源EGFR cDNA片段的EG4细胞，分析其生长分化特性，发现 1）突变型细胞可在未分化状态下维持长时间的增殖，表明EGFR对EG多能干细胞表型无明显影响；2）〓 M的维甲酸A(retinoid acid A，RA)诱导后，大部分对照组细胞分化为脂肪细胞，而突变型细胞分化为脂肪细胞的比例明显较少，表明EGFR在脂肪细胞的发育分化中具有一定的调节作用；3）畸胎瘤切片分析显示，突变型瘤组织分布有大量的未分化细胞和结缔组织，分化细胞以肌肉细胞为主；对照组瘤组织含丰富的角质上皮、软骨、神经管等依赖EGFR的分化组织。

It is evident that the plerocercoids parasitize mainly in the subcutaneous tissues and muscles of mice, and mice experimentally infected with plerocercoids show different degree of histopathological changes.

小鼠感染裂头蚴后，多组织器官有裂头蚴寄生，其中以皮下肌肉处多见。裂头蚴寄生可引起组织不同程度的增生、变性、坏死，组织结构破坏及大量炎症细胞浸润等病理变化。

Roentgenographic and histologic observation confirmed that bBMP had efficient bone morphogenetic activity.

论文第一部分参照杨连甲的方法从小牛骨基质中提取bBMP，经SDS-PAGE电泳分析，bBMP保留有BMP活性蛋白成分，植入小鼠股部肌肉后的X线及组织学观察发现，所提取的bBMP具有较高的骨诱导活性，诱导成骨的时间和过程与以往的报道一致。bBMP诱导骨形成过程呈现连续又具显著的阶段性，本研究结合组织学和组织化学观察的特点，将其全过程分为四个时期。

In the present paper, the Sox gene expression analysis of different tissues from the Trionyx sinensis was studied by using RTPCR, and Sox gene fragments of expression from the testicle, brain and spleen were cloned using RTPCR products. The results show that Sox gene has specific expression in the testicle, brain, spleen, cardiac muscle and kindney and hasn't expression in muscle, liver and ovary. The results of clone reveal that the Sox genes of expression in the testicle are TSSox1 and TSSox 4, and those are TSSox2 and TSSox4 in the brain, and that is TSSox4 in the spleen. This suggests that the Sox gene act important role not only on the sex determination, but also on the development of neural system, immunocyte system and the differentiattion of male germ cell.

本文采用RT—PCR技术，研究了中华鳖不同组织Sox基因的表达，并通过PCR直接克隆法，分析了来自睾丸、脑和脾组织中的Sox基因序列结果表明在中华鳖的成体组织中，Sox基因在脑、心肌、肾、脾和雄性的睾丸组织中均有不同程度的表达，而在肌肉、肝脏和雌性的卵巢中则无表达，显示该基因具有组织表达特异性克隆分析显示，在睾丸组织中表达的是TSSox1和TSSox4基因，而在脑组织中表达的是TSSox2和TSSox4基因，脾组织中表达的是TSSox4基因此结果表明Sox基因不仅在性别决定中起作用，还可能在神经系统、免疫系统多种组织中起重要作用

The ESR mRNA was abundant in lung, and then in ovary, gut, heart, uterus, liver and muscle, less abundant in oviduct, kidney, fat and mammy gland.

其中在子宫和肌肉中为一种类型，而在心、肺等组织为另外一种类型，在肾中2种类型的转录体共存。ESR mRNA表达量在肺中最高，其次是卵巢、肠、心、子宫、脾、肝、肌肉等，在输卵管、肾、脂肪和乳腺组织中ESR mRNA表达量很少。

After bleeding sloped, the hemoglobin amount in films or gauzes were measured to determine the hemostatic effect Using a randomized design, one incision in each animal was treated with C-CM membrane, the influence of C-CM film on the growth of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 27853. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Monil lia albicans ATCC 14053)were observed in vitro with solid medium. Rusults: It was observed that C-CM membrane had no toxic effects on surrounding tissue and was slowly degraded after implanted into rat leg muscular porch ; The results of hemostatic experiment showed that C-CM film adhered well to incisions.

结果：C-CM膜植入动物肌肉中，周围组织无明显炎症，未发现组织变性和坏死，可在组织内缓慢降解，具有良好的组织相容性，6周后反应接近外科缝合丝线组；止血实验结果发现：C-CM膜组和纱布组的出血时间分别为83.5±9.333s和117±15.9275s，血红蛋白光度吸收值为0.9204±0.7559和1.9764±0.7205，二组比较差异显著(P＜0.05)，说明C-CM膜有一定的止血作用；促进创面愈合实验结果显示：不同时间段C-CM膜组肉芽组织较对照组厚，其中胶原纤维含量亦较多，C-CM膜组的创面愈合时间早于空白对照组，伤口愈合较快；抑菌实验显示C-CM膜对三种菌产生接触性抑制。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。