肌肉

It was shown that the stable carbon isotope composition of beef tissue was primarily dependent on the diet the animals were fed,meanwhile theδ~(13)C values of cattle tail hair, defatted muscle and crude fat all enhanced with the increment of the proportions of C4 constituents in diet, but those values were on the contrary with the enhancement of the proportions of C3 constituents. Moreover, allδ~(13)C values of different tissues were significantly correlated with the content of C4 and C3 plant material. So, the main component of cattle feed could be investigated with the help ofδ~(13)C values. Theδ~(15)N values of beef tissues were affected by feed composition to some extent, but it had no regularity. The cattle tail hair and defatted muscle enriched in 13C to their feeds gave different results between the two groups, but cattle tail hair enriched in 15N much more than defatted muscle and in the proportion of 3‰- 5‰, plus, cattle variety and individual had effect on the proportion of enrichment.

结果表明，牛组织中碳同位素组成主要受饲料的影响，牛尾毛、脱脂肌肉、粗脂肪中的δ~(13)C值随着C4植物含量在牛饲料中的比例增加而升高，随着C3植物含量在牛饲料中的比例增大而降低，并且均与C4、C3植物含量呈极显著的相关性(P.01)，用牛组织中的δ~(13)C值可以调查牛饲料中的主要成分；牛组织中的氮同位素一定程度上受饲料因素的影响，但未随饲料组成成分的改变而呈现规律性变化；牛尾毛、脱脂肌肉相对饲料对13C的富集比例两组试验结果不一致，牛尾毛对15N的富集比例大于脱脂肌肉，富集比例约在3‰- 5‰，饲料种类、牛个体等因素对富集比例均有一定影响；牛尾毛、脱脂肌肉、粗脂肪中的δ~(13)C值三者之间相关性达到极显著水平(P.01)。

The muscle samples were taken and check under microscopy and electro-microscopy,Desmin was checked with imunohistochemistry technique,maximal isometric titanic force,CK and LDH in blood,MDA and SOD in muscle were assessed for rats,before and after exercises to show muscle damage,maximal isometric torque,muscle soreness, circumference of the arm,range of motion of the elbow were assessed before and after exercise to show muscle damage,maximal eccentric torque, optimal angle of the elbow,total work during exercise were also assessed for college students.

观察指标包括：肌肉活检光镜及电镜观察，肌肉骨架蛋白Desmin组织化学荧光标记，电刺激最大强直肌量，血清LDH、CK及肌肉MDA、SOD等；等长峰力矩MIT，肌肉酸痛度SOR，肢体围度CIR，关节活动范围ROM，运动中离心峰力矩及其对应关节角度、所做总功等。

Methods and Materials:Sixteen healthy young college students without requiring medical service for lower limb due to injury in past 6 months accept 8 weeks plyometric exercise training. Using nerve conduction velocity test, surface electromyography, isometric dynamometer, electrogoniometer and ultrasonography to detect the change of (1)muscle activation level.(2)number of α-motorneuron.(3)nerve conduction velocity. And the mechanical properties of muscle-tendon complex are including (1)fascicle length.(2)fascicle angle.(3)fascicle curvature in muscle(4)muscle composition and (1)stiffness (2)hysterisis in tendon and electromechanical delay are also analysis.

材料与方法：16位下肢在六个月内没有因为受伤而接受任何医疗协助的，接受8周增强式训练前后，接受使用神经传导检查，表面肌电图，等长肌力测力仪，电子量角器以及高频影像超音波等工具之量测，以了解肌肉活性改变包括(1)肌肉适应情形(2)神经元的改变(3)神经传导速率的变化以及肌肉肌腱复合体的机械特性，包括肌肉(1)肌束长度(2)肌束与深层腱鞘的角度(3)肌束弯曲度(4)肌肉组成，以及肌腱腱鞘复合体的(1)刚性与(2)迟滞现象以及机电传导延迟时间。

Fish of sprouted broad bean group had higher FEAA, TFAA, hardness and gumminess than those of immersed broad bean group.

结果表明，配合饲料组、浸泡蚕豆组和发芽蚕豆组草鱼的增重率分别为83.08%、55.01%和62.82%，饵料系数分别为2.03、2.96和2.70，投饲浸泡蚕豆或发芽蚕豆显著降低了草鱼增重率(P.05)，增加了饲料系数(P.05)；与配合饲料组相比，浸泡蚕豆组和发芽蚕豆组草鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量和肌肉失水率显著降低(P.05)，胶原蛋白含量和肌纤维直径显著增加(P.05)；肌肉游离氨基酸中呈味氨基酸的含量显著下降(P.05)，而必需氨基酸含量显著增加(P.05)；肌肉的硬度和黏性也有了显著提高(P.05)。

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy is comprised of a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of muscle disorders characterized by progressive destruction of the shoulder and hip girdle muscles.

肢带型肌肉失养症是排除目前已知、特异性的退化性肌肉疾病后，一群由表现特徵为渐进式肩带和腰带等近端肌肉无力，以及肌肉萎缩为临床表现的疾病总称。

Methods: Between 1984 and 1996, there were 44 cases of head and neck cancer that underwent radical surgery and had the pharyngealdefect reconstructed with a muscular flap. Three different muscular flaps were used includig the masseter muscular flap 27 cases, the pectoralis major muscular flap 15 cases, and the sternocleidomastoid muscular flap 2 cases.

自1984年至1996年，共44例头颈部碰症病患经彻底手术切除后，以肌肉瓣做咽部缺损之重建，其中27例以嚼肌肌肉瓣重建，15例以胸大肌肌肉瓣重建，2例以胸锁乳突肌肌肉瓣(sternocleidomastoid muscular flap)重建。

The amplitude of hamstrings and gastrocnemius were more related with pelvic support. During dynamic support modes, even the load was low the muscle activation was still higher than that in SE mode. It appeared biarticular muscles recruit more during dynamic pelvic support mode, and also showed the ability to adjust under the task demands.

而大腿后肌群、腓肠肌的活化量则与骨盆支撑模式较为相关，在活动座椅脚踏车活动的肌肉活化量较大，显示在活动式骨盆支撑的脚踏车运动中，双关节肌肉有较多的肌肉徵召；亦显现出双关节肌肉因应任务不同时的微调功能。

The in vitro effects of Gln49-PLA_2 were examined using the chick biventer cervicis nerve muscle preparation. Gln49-PLA_2 caused a dosedependent blockade of neuromuscular transmission. The time required to cause 50% blockade was about 150 min at the highest concentration 100μg/ml. This inhibition appeared to be presynaptic in origin as evidenced by the lack of effect of toxin on responses to exogenous acetylcholine in the non-stimulated BCp.

Gln49-PLA_2能够剂量依赖性地抑制颈二腹肌神经信号正常传导并影响肌肉收缩，在100μg/ml剂量下，肌肉收缩幅度在150分钟后达到50%的抑制率；同时，随着Gln49-PLA_2浓度的降低，肌肉收缩幅度的抑制效率也逐渐降低；实验证明Gln49-PLA_2对突触后膜乙酰胆碱受体敏感性无影响，对神经肌肉信号传导收缩的抑制作用位点在突触前膜。

Traditionally taping as most often seen on television is done on athletes. For them the use of these tapes are usually to stop an injury from worsening itself during sports. For athletes without injury, or has already completely healed, it maybe used as prophylactically .

很久以前，肌肉贴布治疗法主要用在运动员身上，以防止伤患在运动中恶化，它的作用包括：减轻筋膜及肌肉的疼痛、避免肌肉过度伸展及收缩，防止肌肉及关节的受伤及支持肌肉活动等。

In order to understand the expressed genes, construct the known gene expressed profile, study the tissue-specific genes and the common genes from pig and chicken; In order to do primary researches for comparative genomics, functional genomics, QTLs mapping, animal molecular breeding and so on, we have constructed 3 cDNA libraries of Xiang Pig muscle tissue, Silkie Fowl muscle tissue and liver tissue, sequenced a large scale ESTs and analyzed their bioinformation from the ESTs of Silkie Fowl muscle tissue and liver tissue in our study.

为全面了解肌肉组织和肝脏组织的基因表达类型，构建猪、鸡肌肉组织和肝脏组织的功能基因表达谱，研究肌肉组织和肝脏组织的特异表达基因及这两种组织的共同基因；为比较基因组学的研究、功能基因组学的研究、QTLs定位等的动物分子育种做前期基础科研工作，本研究构建了香猪肌肉组织、丝毛乌骨鸡肌肉组织和肝脏组织的3个cDNA文厍，并对丝毛乌骨鸡的肌肉组织和肝脏组织进行了大规模的ESTs测序及其生物信息学的初步研究。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。