肌细胞

METHODS We used a dermatome to obtain thin endocardium,midcardium and epicardium transmural strips from left ventricular free wall of canine(weight 15-18 kg) and standard microelectrode techniques to record and measure the transmembrane action potential duration.

结果：①胺碘酮延长内、外膜层心肌细胞的动作电位时程，当基础周长为1 000 m s时，使用胺碘酮后心内膜层肌细胞的APD90由(254±38)m s延长为(274±37)m s(P.01)，外膜层肌细胞的APD90由(205±37)m s延长为(229±16)m s(P.01)；但其明显缩短中层肌细胞的APD，其APD90由(331±50)m s缩短为(290±62)m s(P.01)。

The unoperated sides of the treated animals also served as controls. Six normal rats were treated as normal control group. Three different siRNA plasmid solution containing RC2-Ⅰ, MAFbx-Ⅱ, CON (50μl , 0.8μg/μl)was injected and transfected by electroporation as methods mentioned above, respectively. The changes of RC2 and MAFbx mRNA levels and RC2 protein levels after 3 days were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. On postoperative 2, 3 and 4 weeks, the rate of wet muscle weight preservation, mean diameter of muscle fiber and mean cross-section area of muscle fiber and muscle protein content were checked and then compared between group CON and group RC2 or group MAFbx, respectively. The differences between groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Ultrastructural changes of muscle fiber were observed at 2, 3, 4 weeks postoperation.Results GFP plasmid was efficiently deliverd into muscle by electroporation and robust GFP expression in muscle could be observed more than three weeks. Histology shows that injected plasmid DNA diffuses extensively in muscle tissue.

1、健康雌性SD大鼠18只，随机分为电穿孔组和非电穿孔组，每组9只，制作右下肢趾长伸肌失神经支配模型；EP组为将质粒pEGFP-N1溶液50μl(0.8μg／μl)注射入右趾长伸肌后，立即于两侧腱腹交接处给予电穿孔，电穿孔参数为：电场强度为200V／Cm，脉冲100μs，频率1Hz，施加10次脉冲；NEP组仅质粒pEGFP-N1溶液注射；转染后1、2、3周，荧光显微镜下观察趾长伸肌中GFP的表达情况，转染后1周行Western印迹检测趾长伸肌中GFP蛋白的表达情况，检测和优化体内转染效率。2、健康雌性SD大鼠78只，随机分为失神经对照组、RC2基因治疗组(RC2组)，MAFbx基因治疗组，每组24只，制作右下肢趾长伸肌失神经支配模型，余6只为正常组；分别将含CON、RC2、MAFbx基因的siRNA重组质粒注射入趾长伸肌，之后给予电穿孔，方法同上；治疗后3天实时定量PCR和Western印迹检测各组中RC2或MAFbx基因的mRNA和蛋白的表达变化，治疗后2、3、4周检测各组肌湿重维持率、肌细胞直径和肌细胞截面积，肌细胞超微结构变化以及肌纤维中蛋白含量变化。

According to 5'flank regions and partial sequences of the MyoG gene in Sus scrofa, Bos taurus, Homo sapiens, and Mus musculus published in GenBank, the homogeneous primers were designed to amplify the promoter region of Gansu wapiti MyoG by Touch-Down PCR.

MyoD和MyoG是一类肌调节蛋白，其中MyoD代表肌源性的发生；MyoG诱导骨骼肌的最终分化，调控中胚层细胞分化为成肌细胞，再由成肌细胞融合为肌纤维这一过程，在肌细胞分化过程中起着中心调节作用，是唯一的不可替代的成肌调节因子[2]。

Electron microscopic morphometry of heart samples revealed typical diabetic alterations consisting that myofibril arranged disordly, mitochondril swelling, mitochondrial crista and breaking and solving to form the lysis of cistae; some glycogen and lipid droplet depositing in myofibril.

模型组心肌细胞肌原纤维排列紊乱、断裂、溶解，线粒体肿胀变性，线粒体嵴断裂、溶解，形成空白区，肌细胞中可见糖原脂滴沉着；与模型组比较，TXS组心肌细胞肌原纤维排列整齐，线粒体形态尚可，偶有线粒体外膜缺损。

BACKGROUND: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a cureless disease, it is a severe result of progressive atrophy of muscle cells, which caused by various defects.

背景：杜氏型肌营养不良的肌细胞损伤并非单一细胞受损，而是多因素缺陷导致肌细胞进行性萎缩的严重后果，患儿一经确诊即被告之无法医治。

Generally we think muscular histogenesis has many steps of biology, including foetal mesoderm merotomy; myoblast shapes in arthromera; myoblast can form muscular tissue to move to limbs; the proliferation of sarcoblast can increase cells\'quatity.

一般认为，肌组织发生是一多步骤的生物学过程，包括胚胎中胚层的分节；成肌细胞在体节形成；成肌细胞向四肢迁移形成肌组织；成肌细胞增殖以增加细胞数量。

Results: The results showed that:(1) The three types of NOS immunoreactivity were not found in rat testis until 30 days after birth;(2) NOS1 immunoreactivity was found in a few spermatocytes in rat testes on postnatal 30 days, and in spermatozoa present at the lumen surface of seminiferous tubules and some Leydig cells on postnatal 60 days;(3) NOS2 immunoreactivity appeared in a few spermatocytes, Sertoli cells and peritubular myoid cells on postnatal 30 days. On postnatal 60 days, NOS2 immunoreactivity appeared in some Leydig cells, peritubular myoid cells, Sertoli cells, very few spermatocytes and the head of immature spermatozoa in some seminiferous tubules;(4) NOS3 immunoreactivity was detected in a few spermatocytes on postnatal 30 days, as well as in the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels on postnatal 30 days and 60 days.

结果：(1)生后4、7、14 d大鼠睾丸未见3种NOS免疫阳性反应；(2)生后30 d少数精母细胞及生后60 d生精小管腔面精子和间质细胞呈NOS1阳性；(3)生后30 d少数精母细胞、支持细胞和管周类肌细胞呈NOS2阳性，而生后60 d NOS2阳性反应见于睾丸间质细胞、管周类肌细胞、支持细胞、极少数精母细胞和不成熟精子头部；(4)生后30 d睾丸内少数精母细胞和血管壁呈NOS3阳性，生后60 d NOS3阳性反应仅见于血管壁。

The result showed that, the body wall most outer layer cuticle assumesthe translucent porodine, the surrounding entire body wall; Close isconnected with the cuticle 表皮层 for 合胞体 the structure, inthe back, the abdomen and its two sides separately adds thick to inprominent Cheng Jizhuang, separately contains the back side,腹侧the nerve and compares to the developed back, the abdomen nerve; Themyo- position to the body wall most inner layer, has the muscle cellto arrange becomes; Between the body wall and the digestive tractcavity is a body cavity; Digestive tract for 肌质 structure, afterinference for roundworm's esophagus.

结果显示，体壁最外层的角质层呈半透明的胶状，包围整个体壁；与角质层紧密相连的表皮层为为合胞体构造，在背、腹及其两个侧面分别加厚向内突出成脊状，分别包含背侧、腹侧神经和相比对发达的背、腹神经；肌层位于体壁最内层，有肌细胞排列而成；体壁与消化道之间的空腔为体腔；消化道为肌质结构，经推断为蛔虫的食道。

RESULTS: After differentiation of human adherent myoblasts by neural induction medium, no cells with a neural cell morphology (ie., small, refractile cell body with dendritic cell extensions) were seen. All remaining myoblasts cultured with neural induction medium, myoblasts with proliferation medium and myotubes with differentiation medium containing 20 mL/L HS were positive for β Tubulin Ⅲ. C2C12 myoblasts were negative for β Tubulin Ⅲ. In contrast, all the above cells were negative for the markers Neurofilament Mr 68×103 and GFAP.

结果：用诱导分化液作用后，未见小的、伴有突起的放射状形态的神经细胞；抗β Tubulin Ⅲ对经神经元胶质细胞诱导分化液作用后的人成肌细胞、增殖培养液培养后的各代人成肌细胞及仅含20 mL/L HS分化液分化形成的肌管细胞染色均为阳性； C2C12细胞β Tubulin Ⅲ抗体染色阴性；上述所有细胞抗Neurofilament Mr 68×103和抗GFAP染色均为阴性。

The myoblasts are the precursor of the maturated muscle cells, while the satellite cells are a kind of mononucleus cells which have the characteristics and function of the myoblasts. The satellite cells participate in the growth of skeletal muscle, the repair after injury of the muscle and provide nuclei to the maturated muscle for the normal alternation of cell nuclei. They are very important to the maintenance of the function of skeletal muscle.

成肌细胞为成熟肌细胞的前体细胞，而肌卫星细胞则是成熟骨骼肌组织中具有成肌细胞特征和功能的一类细胞，参与骨骼肌的生长、损伤后的修复以及为正常骨骼肌细胞核的更替提供细胞核，对骨骼肌正常功能状态的维持很重要。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。