肌神经细胞

Affected breeds include the Swedish Lapland Dog, Brittany Spaniel, English Pointer, German Shepherd Dog, Rottweiler, and Cairn Terrier.

脊髓性肌萎缩症由脊髓内神经细胞死亡所致。这种发展型疾病尚无治疗方法，预后不良。

" Chorea : Neurological disorder causing irregular, involuntary, purposeless movements. It is Believed to be caused by degeneration of the Basal ganglia in the cerebral cortex."

舞蹈病：神经系统疾病，导致人体不同部位肌群的不规则、不自主和无目的的运动，一般认为是大脑皮质的基底节神经细胞病变所致。

In recent years, retrograde adriamycin sensory ganglionectomy has been used in treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and has obtained good therapeutic effect The mechanism of action, particularly, of the toxic effects with different mechanism methods and choice of doses for muscle cells and nerve cells is still unclear.

阿霉素为常用的抗肿瘤药，近年来应用阿霉素治疗三叉神经痛的文献报道较多，且已获得较好的效果，但其治疗机制尚不十分明确，尤其是对肌细胞及神经细胞的毒性作用机制特点及不同的给药方式和剂量选择尚不够明确。

At 25 °C as it occurs in the cytosol of neurons , in which phosphocreatine is present at

时在神经细胞胞液中发生的反应的生理学ΔG，磷酸肌酸的浓度为

A multinational team coordinated by Tom Misteli at the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md., has found that, in mice with a disease resembling Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, lamin A or C protein defects interfere with the way cell nuclei normally localize in skeletal-muscle fibers at the point where each fiber receives signals from a nerve cell.

由美国国立卫生研究院所属的国家癌症研究院的研究者Tom Misteli所领导的多国合作的研究团队在对 Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy Emery-Dreifuss进行性肌营养不良实验鼠的研究中，发现了这些实验鼠的不正常的lamin A 或 C 蛋白，干扰了骨骼肌细胞核在骨骼肌细胞中的正确位置，而这一位置正是肌肉细胞从神经细胞处接受刺激信号的地方。

This review focused on the biological significance of matrix metalloproteinases in its regulation when mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into myoblastic, osteoblastic, chondroblastic, neural, and apidoblastic lineages.

文章详细阐述了基质金属蛋白酶在间充质干细胞分化为成肌细胞、成骨细胞、破骨细胞、神经细胞、脂肪细胞过程中所起的重要生物学作用，并对基质金属蛋白酶在间充质干细胞分化中的调控作用进行分析。

Methods The skeletal muscle specimens with obviously regenerating muscle fibers were obtained from 9 patients with pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy and 5 patients with polymyositis. Then frozen serial sections were made and the sections were treated with HE stain, immunohistochemistry stains including antiEzrin and antiNeural cell adhesion molecule monoclonal antibodies. The pathological changes and the expression of Ezrin were observed.

取肌纤维再生活跃的假肥大型肌营养不良（DMD，9例）和多发性肌炎（PM，5例）患者的骨骼肌标本，冰冻连续切片，进行HE染色及抗Ezrin、抗神经细胞黏附分子单克隆抗体免疫组化染色，观察被检肌的病理改变和Ezrin蛋白的表达。

RESULTS: After differentiation of human adherent myoblasts by neural induction medium, no cells with a neural cell morphology (ie., small, refractile cell body with dendritic cell extensions) were seen. All remaining myoblasts cultured with neural induction medium, myoblasts with proliferation medium and myotubes with differentiation medium containing 20 mL/L HS were positive for β Tubulin Ⅲ. C2C12 myoblasts were negative for β Tubulin Ⅲ. In contrast, all the above cells were negative for the markers Neurofilament Mr 68×103 and GFAP.

结果：用诱导分化液作用后，未见小的、伴有突起的放射状形态的神经细胞；抗β Tubulin Ⅲ对经神经元胶质细胞诱导分化液作用后的人成肌细胞、增殖培养液培养后的各代人成肌细胞及仅含20 mL/L HS分化液分化形成的肌管细胞染色均为阳性； C2C12细胞β Tubulin Ⅲ抗体染色阴性；上述所有细胞抗Neurofilament Mr 68×103和抗GFAP染色均为阴性。

MyosinⅩ, a vertebrate-specific member of myosin super-family, can be detected in most tissues and cells, such as kidney, liver, brain, and so on. Full-length MyosinⅩcan stimulate the formation or stabilization of filopodia. As an actin-based motor protein, MyosinⅩplays a key role connecting cell membrane proteins and cytoskeleton.

肌球蛋白Ⅹ是脊椎动物所特有的细胞骨架蛋白，在脑、肝、肾等大多数组织中都有表达，它的显著特点是定位于细胞丝足的顶端和片状伪足的边缘，MyosinⅩ作为一个动力蛋白分子，起到连接细胞膜蛋白与细胞内骨架蛋白的桥梁作用，因此推测它可能在SVZa成神经细胞的迁移过程中起到重要作用。

Objective: To explore whether adult rat myoblasts can transdifferentiate into nerve cells in vitro.

目的：探讨大鼠成肌细胞转分化为神经细胞的可能性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。