肌神经的

Methods and Materials:Sixteen healthy young college students without requiring medical service for lower limb due to injury in past 6 months accept 8 weeks plyometric exercise training. Using nerve conduction velocity test, surface electromyography, isometric dynamometer, electrogoniometer and ultrasonography to detect the change of (1)muscle activation level.(2)number of α-motorneuron.(3)nerve conduction velocity. And the mechanical properties of muscle-tendon complex are including (1)fascicle length.(2)fascicle angle.(3)fascicle curvature in muscle(4)muscle composition and (1)stiffness (2)hysterisis in tendon and electromechanical delay are also analysis.

材料与方法：16位下肢在六个月内没有因为受伤而接受任何医疗协助的，接受8周增强式训练前后，接受使用神经传导检查，表面肌电图，等长肌力测力仪，电子量角器以及高频影像超音波等工具之量测，以了解肌肉活性改变包括(1)肌肉适应情形(2)神经元的改变(3)神经传导速率的变化以及肌肉肌腱复合体的机械特性，包括肌肉(1)肌束长度(2)肌束与深层腱鞘的角度(3)肌束弯曲度(4)肌肉组成，以及肌腱腱鞘复合体的(1)刚性与(2)迟滞现象以及机电传导延迟时间。

Objective:To introduce the anatoamy and clinical application of transfer of the pronator quadratus musclebranch of anterior interosseous nervein repairing thenar muscle branch of median nerve and deep branch of ulnar nerve.

目的：了解有关应用骨间前神经旋前方肌支转位修复正中神经鱼际肌支和尺神经深支的解剖，总结应用此方法的临床效果。

The length of attraumatic detachment and transverse diameter between the branches of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle and the pronator teres muscle were similliar.

结果：正中神经发出的各肌支无典型的分布规律，大部分肌支集中在Ⅴ段、Ⅵ段。旋前圆肌肌支入肌点与指浅屈肌肌支第1支、2支入肌点位置相近，肌支可分离长度、横径接近。

Results: The suprascapular nerve not only has its starting point and entering-muscle points, but also has two limit-points, it has turn-angle about 50° at spinoglenoid notch, supraspinatus muscle branch 44, infra-spinatus muscle branch 44, upper articular branch 42, lower articular branch 53, and sensory branch 37. The branches innervate supraspinatus muscle、infraspinatus muscle and the shoulder joint.

结果：肩胛上神经行程迂曲，有起点、入肌点两个固定点，另有肩胛上孔、肩胛下孔两个约束点，在冈盂切迹处形成大约50°左右的转折角，发出冈上肌支44支、冈下肌支44支、上关节支42支、下关节支53支、感觉支37支，分布于冈上肌、冈下肌和肩关节等处。

Methods:①Conducted time,amplitude and NCV of motor evoked potentials at ulnar nerves 5 cm above and below the elbow(total 10 cm)were detected in 42 patients with CuTS in the early stage,and the results were compared with those of 30 healthy persons as the control,to locate the actual wedge position;②To measure the orthodromic nerves sensory conduc- tion velocityof ulnar ne...

①对42例早期CuTS患者的肘部上、下各5cm(共10cm)运动诱发动作电位传导时间、波幅进行测定，计算出运动神经传导速度，并与30例正常对照者的检测结果比较，确认肘管内嵌压部位；②对尺神经进行顺向感觉传导速度测定；③对前臂肌与手内肌进行针电极肌电图检测，帮助判定尺神经损害。

Materials and Methods 46 cases with brachial plexus injury underwent traditional spinal accessory nerve transfer to restore shoulder abduction were followed-up. Recipient nerve: suprascapular nerve in 35 cases (upper partial brachial plexus injury 21 cases and total brachial plexus injury 14 cases), axillary nerve in 11 cases(upper partial brachial plexus injury 5 cases and total brachial plexus injury 6 cases); And trapezius muscle function was measured by physical examination and electrophysiological study in 18 patients.

材料与方法臂丛神经损伤患者46例，传统锁骨上前入路副神经移位恢复肩关节外展功能；受区神经：肩胛上神经35例(上臂丛神经损伤21例，全臂丛神经损伤14例)，腋神经11例(上臂丛神经损伤5例，全臂丛神经损伤6例)；术后随访肩关节外展功能的恢复，并对来院随访患者随访检查其斜方肌各部肌力及电生理的变化。

We observed the changes of the proprioceptors in the partly injuried ACL and the xenogeneic graft/artificial graft being used to reconstructing the injuried ACL with gold chlorid staining method and laser copolymerization electron micrography method to observe the morphological changes of the neuromechanism in the ligament tissue,with RT-PCR method to evaluate the proportion and the regeneration of the nerve component and with HRP retrograde tracking technology and electrophysiologic study to judge the functional changes of the neuromechanism in the ligament tissue,respectively.

本研究分别制作兔ACL部分损伤动物模型、异种肌腱移植物重建损伤ACL动物模型和LARS人工韧带重建损伤ACL动物模型，分别于术后不同时间点对损伤ACL/移植物进行氯化金染色光学显微镜检查和PGP9.5免疫荧光染色后激光共聚焦电子显微镜检查观察韧带内神经结构形态学变化，用RT-PCR法检测韧带中GAP-43和PGP 9.5的mRNA表达情况以评价损伤ACL/移植物内神经成分比例及神经再生情况，通过HRP逆行追踪技术和电生理检查(包括体感诱发电位和腘绳肌肌电图)评价损伤ACL/移植物内神经结构的功能情况。

The movement of the muscle was innervated by median nerve.

由正中神经肌支支配肌肉运动；只要保留近侧1/3肌腹便能保证全肌的血液供应及神经支配。

In rat esophagus, the positive varicosities and fibres could be observed in the circular muscle layer and the muscularis mucosae layer at 21st day before birth. With the development of rat digestive tract, neurokinin A-immunoreactivity positive nerves could be observed gradually in the epithelium, submucosa, longitudinal muscle layer, myenteric plexus and submucosal plexes, while mature nerve fibres could be seen at one month after birth. 2. In rat stomach, the positive reaction of NKA initially happened in the myenteric plexus at the 14th day of embryo, and then appeared on circular muscles, longitudinal muscles, submucosal, muscularis mucosae, lamina propria and epithelium. 30 days after birth, expression of NKA is same as seen in adaulthood. 3. In rat small intestinal, the NKA-IR could first be found in the myenteric plexus of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum at 14th , 15th and 17th day before birth respectively. Then the NKA-IR occurred in the longitudinal muscle layer, circular muscle layer, intestinal villus, intestinal gland, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, submucosal plexes, mucosa plexus and deep muscular plexus.

结果 1、在食管，于胚胎21天的粘膜肌层和环肌层内观察到神经激肽A免疫阳性膨体纤维，出生后，随幼鼠的生长发育，相继在上皮，粘膜下层，纵肌层、肌间丛、粘膜下丛有NKA-IR表达，30天时已和成年鼠相似；2、在胃，首先于胚胎14天的肌间丛出现NKA-IR的表达，随发育相继在环肌、纵肌，粘膜下层、粘膜肌、固有膜及上皮内出现NKA-IR的表达，30天时具备成年鼠的分布特征；3、在小肠，分别于胚胎14、15、17天的十二指肠、空肠和回肠的肌间丛处出现NKA-IR的表达，随发育相继出现在纵肌、环肌、绒毛、小肠腺周、粘膜肌、粘膜下层、粘膜下丛、粘膜丛、深肌丛。

Results The length between posterior superior iliac spine and greater trochanter of femur was (15.2±1.35) cm for man and (11.5±0.72) cm for woman; the length between posterior superior iliac spine and ischial tuberosity was (13.3±0.87) cm in man and (10.3±0.49) cm in woman; the length between greater trochanter of femur and ischial tuberosity was (8.3±0.83) cm in man and (5.5±0.61) cm in woman; the surface projection where the superior gluteal artery, superior gluteal veins and superior gluteal nerve permeate the suprapitiform foramen was below the point 0～6.8 mm between 2/5 superior and middle trunk from posterior superior iliac spine to greater trochanter of femur; the surface projection where the inferior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal veins and inferior gluteal nerve permeate the infrapiriform foramen was at the point between 2/5 inferior and middle trunk from posterior superior iliac spine to ischial tuberosity; the surface projection where sciatic nerve permeate the infrapiriform foramen was at the point between 3/5 lateral and middle trunk from ischial tuberosity to greater trochanter of femur.

结果臀三角各边的长度分别为：髂后上棘转子间距，男(15.2±1.35) cm，女(11.5±0.72) cm；髂后上棘结节间距，男(13.3±0.87) cm，女(10.3±0.49) cm；转子结节间距，男(8.3±0.83) cm，女(5.5±0.61) cm。臀上动脉、静脉、神经出入梨状肌上孔的体表投影在髂后上棘与大转子连线中、上2/5交界处向下0～6.8 mm内；臀下动脉、静脉、神经出入梨状肌下孔处的体表投影在髂后上棘与坐骨结节连线中、下2/5处；坐骨神经出梨状肌下孔处的体表投影在坐骨结节与大转子连线中外3/5处。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。