肌皮神经

Their width and length :( 3.16±0.85) mm and (5.64±4.19) cm musculocutaneous nerve;(1.31±0.46) mm and (2.20±1.28) cm brichialis never;(1.75±0.56) mm and (9.21±2.48) cm biceps brachii never;(1.19±0.45) mm and (1.40±0.32) cm brachialis never;(1.57±0.59) mm and (11.77±2.36) cm caput longum of biceps brachii never;(1.54±0.49) mm and (9.62±2.27) cm caput breve of biceps brachii never;(2.14±0.46) mm and (12.86±4.51) cm communicating branches;（2.16±0.49）cm and

结论肌皮神经及其分支的变异较大，临床可以用肌皮神经或其分支作为供体修复臂丛和桡神经或以其他神经修复肌皮神经，但应注意其分支形式及可游离长度，以找到合适的神经以利吻合。

After 6 to 8 weeks behavioral test, electrophysiologic test, muscle weight measurement of flexor carpi ulnaxis and abductor digiti minimi manus, and ultrastructural observation were carried out.

对120只Wistar大鼠在上臂肌皮神经人肌水平不同程度切断尺神经（分别切断1／6，1／3，1／2，2／3及全部），术后6～8周观察大鼠的行为变化，尺神经电生理变化，尺侧腕屈肌及小指展肌的肌湿重比及肌细胞超微结构的改变。

In group A, the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve was cut 5 mm away from its origin and its proximal end was anastomozed end-to-end to the distal end of musculocutaneous nerve. In group B, the musculocutaneous nerve was cut 5 mm away from its nerve entry point and the proximal end of medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve were anastomozed end-to-end to the distal end of musculocutaneous nerve. In group C, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and musculocutaneous nerve were cut, without further anastomosis.

每组大鼠左上肢制备实验模型，右上肢为正常对照，不作任何处理。A组：于距前臂内侧皮神经起点5 mm 处切断该神经，将其近端与切断的肌皮神经远端行无张力端端吻合；B 组：于距肌皮神经入肌点5 mm 处切断该神经，将其远端与切断的前臂内侧皮神经近端行无张力的端端吻合；C 组：切断肌皮神经和前臂内侧皮神经后不予吻合，形成肱二头肌失神经支配模型。

Objective: To provide the anatomical basis for the reparing of axillary nerve and musculocutaneous nerve with brachial triceps branches of radial nerve.

目的：明确桡神经肱三头肌支的解剖学特征，为臂丛上干损伤腋神经或肌皮神经肱二头肌支的修复提供解剖学基础，使术式更安全、简单。

METHODS: Nerve conduction velocity,wave amplitude and corresponding muscular needle electrode electromyogram of median nerve,ulnar nerve,interior and exterior cutaneous nerve in forearm,suprascapular nerve,axillary nerve,musculocutaneous nerve,radial nerve were tested by keypoint myoelectricity evoked potential equipment made in Denmark.

采用丹麦产keypoint肌电诱发电位仪检测正中神经、尺神经、前臂内、外侧皮神经、肩胛上神经、腋神经、肌皮神经、桡神经传导速度、波幅及相应肌肉针电极肌电图。

Nerve conduction velocity,wave amplitude and corresponding muscular needle electrode electromyogram of median nerve,ulnar nerve, interior and exterior cutaneous nerve in forearm, suprascapular nerve, axillary nerve,musculocutaneous nerve,radial nerve were tested by keypoint myoelectricity evoked potential equipment made in Denmark.

采用丹麦产keypoint肌电诱发电位仪检测正中神经、尺神经、前臂内、外侧皮神经、肩胛上神经、腋神经、肌皮神经、桡神经传导速度、波幅及相应肌肉针电极肌电图。

In group A, the left musculocutaneous nerve was transected to make the model of biceps brachii denervation and anastomosed to its proximal end 6 weeks later; In group B, the musculocutaneous nerve was transected and the distal end was coapted to the purely motor medial pectoral nerve immediately and the musculocutaneous nerve was separated from the medial pectoral nerve, and reanastomosed to its proximal end 6 weeks later.

随机分为两组（ n =8）：肌皮神经延期修复组，单纯剪断左侧肌皮神经，造成肱二头肌失神经支配模型，6 周后行肌皮神经修复；神经移位寄养二期肌皮神经修复组，剪断左侧肌皮神经后即刻将胸内侧神经分支的近端移位寄养于肌皮神经的远端，6 周后结束寄养关系行二期神经修复术。

Results Fascicles and certain amount (207) of motor fibers from the anterior division of C7 were distributed to musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve, the orientation of these fibers were not clear. The ones (323) from posterior division were to the axillary, radial, and dorsal thoracic nerves, thus the orientation of these fascicles was relatively definite.

结果 大鼠C7神经根前股发出一定数量的运动纤维到肌皮神经、正中神经，总量约207根，但在C7前股定位不明确；后股发出相应的运动纤维束支到桡神经、腋神经与胸背神经，总量约323根，这些束支在C7后股的定位较明确。C7神经根所支配的范围很广，其中以C7后股发出的胸背神经束支支配的背阔肌占比例最大（运动纤维含量＞50%）。

The musculocutaneous nerve was always the studied target in the experimental animal model of the root avulsion of the brachial plexus. The C〓 root was the main component of musculocutaneous nerve, the transection of C〓 was used in the experimental study of multi-nerve transfer before.

模拟臂丛神经根性撕脱伤的动物模型通常都以肌皮神经作为研究对象，除了其终末支可用于神经移位以外，由于肌皮神经以颈〓成分为主，故在颈部切断颈〓即为肌皮神经主干，可用于多组神经移位的研究。

Basing on the setup of animal model of root avulsion of the brachial plexus, we divided the experimental animal into four groups by the operative method: Group A: one end of the maternal nerve graft was connected with the upper trunk of the healthy side by end-to-side neurorrhaphy, and the other end was sutured to the distal stump of musculocutaneous nerve infraclevicularly by end-to-end neurorrhaphy. Goup B: on the healthy side, the operation was the same, the other end was sutured to the distal end of C〓 by end-to-end neurorrhaphy on the affected side. Group C: the maternal nerve graft bridged the phrenic nerve and infraclevicular musculocutaneous nerve of the affected side by end-to-end neurorrhaphy. Group D: the phrenic nerve was sutured to the distal end of C〓 supraclevicularly by end-to-end neurorrhaphy.

在构建了模拟小儿臂丛神经根性撕脱伤的动物模型基础上，将实验动物按手术方式分组如下，A组：母鼠提供的的神经移植体一端与子鼠健侧臂丛上干行端侧吻合，另一端与患侧已切断的锁骨下肌皮神经远端行端端吻合。B组：母鼠提供的的神经移植体一端与子鼠健侧臂丛上干行端侧吻合，另一端与患侧已切断的锁骨上颈〓远端行端端吻合。C组：母鼠提供的的神经移植体桥接于子鼠患侧膈神经与锁骨下肌皮神经之间。D组：子鼠患侧膈神经直接与锁骨上颈〓远端行端端吻合。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。