肌外膜

Various surgical methods were used for ocular cysticercosis:sclerotomy for subretinal cysticercosis,pars plana incision and aspiration for intravitreal cysticercosis,direct extraction for orbit and extraocular muscles cysticercosis.

合并眼部囊虫者手术摘除，玻璃体内囊虫采用玻璃体切割吸出，视网膜下囊虫术前定位后切开巩膜和葡萄膜取出，眼外肌和眶内囊虫直视下取出。

Longitudinal division of the district's three lines are: front tibia, semimembranosus muscle and Achilles tendon only point of connection with fate, fate after the head of fibula and lateral malleolus fate after the connection.

分割各区的三条纵线分别是：胫骨前缘、半膜肌止点与跟腱内缘的连线，腓骨小头后缘与外踝后缘的连线。

The mean age was 40 days and the mean body weight was 3.77kg. Under epidural anesthesia and tracheal intubation, carbon dioxide was insufflated into abdominal cavity via a Veress needle, reaching a insufflation pressure of 10-14 mmHg. One umbilical camera port and two subcostal instrument ports were made. Results The mean operative time was 37 minutes.

在气管插管＋单次硬膜外麻醉下，脐上皮肤小切口，Veress针穿刺入腹，注入CO2，建立气腹，压力为10～14mmHg(1.33～1.86kPa)，此处置一4mm套管，放入腹腔镜，直视下左右上腹各置一套管，放入操作器械，完成幽门环肌切开。

The diffusive XGPN shows cystic-solid multi-occupying with the whole kidney involved and kidney renal pelvis and calices enlarged. The lesions were extensive with unclear border which made the perirenal space dim renal fasciae thicken and with the abscess formation of psoas and abdominal wall. The localized XGPN shows mass in the renal parenchyma with low density clear border after enhancement and rim enhancement.

弥漫型累及全肾，肾影增大，肾盂肾盏扩大积液，肾实质幕粥发囊实性占位，病变分界不清，向肾外扩展，肾周间隙模糊，肾筋膜增厚并累及腰大肌，腹壁脓肿形成；局灶型表现为肾实质内局限性占位，病灶区呈略低密度灶，增强后边界清晰，病灶内见环形强化，而略低密度灶者强化较明显，但仍低于肾实质。

From the early study of the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia people have found its association with immunological function . In 1986 Ellis et al[1] had found that the extravillous chorionic cytotrophoblast contacting with the maternal tissue expressed high levels of Human leukocyte antigen-G, a major histocompatibility tissue-specific antigen . Extravillous chorionic cytotrophoblast with high levels expression of HLA-G proteins can invade the maternal deciduas and the maternal spiral arteries by displacing the endothelial lining and destroying most of the musculoelastic tissue of these arteries .

早期研究开始，许多学者即发现其与免疫学有密切关系，至1986年Ellis等[1]发现人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen，HLA) G分子高度表达在绒毛外滋养层细胞( extravillous cytotrophoblast，EVCT)上，即浸润至子宫蜕膜层甚至达子宫浅肌层以及子宫螺旋动脉内皮层，与母血及子宫组织直接接触的滋养细胞，这种独特的组织分布提示HLA-G分子在母胎免疫耐受方面起重要作用。

We evaluated 350 tumors: 136 ES, including 64 conventional ES, 64 proximal-type ES, and 8 with hybrid features of conventional and proximal-type ES; 54 metastatic carcinomas (22 from lung, 6 breast, 6 stomach, 5 colorectum, 5 kidney, 5 prostate, 5 pancreas); 12 metastatic testicular embryonal carcinomas; 20 metastatic melanomas; 20 epithelioid mesotheliomas; 20 epithelioid angiosarcomas; 10 epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas; 24 epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors; 22 myoepithelial carcinomas of soft tissue; 7 anaplastic large cell lymphomas; 5 histiocytic sarcomas; and 10 control MRT of infancy (4 brain, 3 liver, 2 soft tissue, 1 kidney).

我们总共研究了350例肿瘤：136例ES，其中包括64例寻常型ES、64例近端型ES和8例混有前两型特征的混合型ES；54例转移癌（22例来自肺、6例来自乳腺、6例来自胃、5例来自结直肠、5例来着肾、5例来着前列腺、5例来着胰腺）；12例转移性睾丸胚胎性癌；20例转移性黑色素瘤；20例上皮样间皮瘤；20例上皮样血管肉瘤；10例上皮样血管内皮瘤；24例上皮样恶性外周神经鞘膜瘤；22例软组织的肌上皮癌；7例间变性大细胞淋巴瘤；5例组织细胞肉瘤；10例作为对照的婴幼儿MRT（4例位于脑、3例位于肝、2例位于软组织、1例位于肾）。

Patients were divided into 3 groups（each group was 46 patients）: group 1 received intercostals nerve freezing; group 2 used patient controlled epidural analgesia; while patients in group 3 received analgesic intramuscularly when needed.

术前将患者随机平均分为3组：组1（46例）为肋间神经冷冻组；组2（46例）为硬膜外置管给药组；组3（46例）为肌注给药组。

a three steps sequence therapy was designed for patients suffered post dural puncture headache total 45 cases:step one,patient keep supine recumbence,and intravenous injection of ringer's solution 1000ml with intramuscular injection of tramadol 100mg was administrated. if pdph could not relieve within 24hr,the next step should be use. step two,drinking a cup of coffee three times a day for patients who were allowed to eating or intravenous injection ketamine 0.5mg/kg for patient in fasting diet.

选择椎管内麻醉后发生头痛的病例共45例，按设定的序贯疗法分别为a：去枕平卧1d，每天补液量增加1000ml平衡液，肌注曲马多100mg，无效时进入b和c；b：能进食者给予市售咖啡饮品，每天三次；c：不能进食者静脉注射氯胺酮0.5mg/kg，连用2d；以上治疗无效时进入d：行硬膜外填充自体血10ml。

A three steps sequence therapy was designed for patients suffered post dural puncture headache total 45 cases:step one,patient keep supine recumbence,and intravenous injection of Ringer's solution 1000ml with intramuscular injection of Tramadol 100mg was administrated.

选择椎管内麻醉后发生头痛的病例共45例，按设定的序贯疗法分别为A：去枕平卧1d，每天补液量增加1000ml平衡液，肌注曲马多100mg，无效时进入B和C；B：能进食者给予市售咖啡饮品，每天三次；C：不能进食者静脉注射氯胺酮0.5mg/kg，连用2d；以上治疗无效时进入D：行硬膜外填充自体血10ml。

Electrophysiological index before and after injection was recorded by using electromyograph so the neural electrophysiological influence by the injection could be observed.

用丹迪CANTATETM型肌电图仪检测用药前每组动物的电生理指标及用药组每次给药后的电生理指标，来观察硬膜外腔给药是否会对实验动物的神经电生理产生影响；5。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。