肌发生的

The techniques of the midface rejuvenation develop with the understanding of the aging appearance and the development of the facial anatomy. The earliest form of rhytidectomy only removed a piece of redundant skin, but failed to achieve significant long-term benefit. To achieve a more durable benefit, numerous adaptations of face-lift techniques are devised, including SMAS face-lift, malar fat elevation and extended supraplastysmal plane face lift. The subperiosteal approach was firstly performed in 1980s. Youthful curve was detailed by Little William in 2000. To obtain the architectural ogee, the approach of volumetric sculpture, also named three-dimensional rejuvenation, was described.

随着整形美容外科医生对面部衰老变化的认识和面部解剖学的发展，中面部年轻化手术也随之发生着演变：最初的面部除皱术只是单纯去除松弛的皮肤，但术后远期效果不理想；为获得更加持久的效果，到20世纪70年代开始了一系列面部提升术，包括：各种SMAS提升术、颧脂肪垫提升术，扩大的颈阔肌上面部提升术；到20世纪80年代后期，学者提出为获得和谐的面部容貌应进行骨膜下面部除皱术；而到21世纪初Little William提出了"青春曲线"的概念，并实施了容量雕刻技术，即三维中面部年轻化手术。

In addition, there is a "pseudo-myopia", which due to excessive use of regulatory role For example, in children, adolescents reading, the reading with the eye too close a distance, it is bound to increase the regulatory role of the eye, causing ciliary muscle function to enhance or spasm, this occurrence of myopia in school, and family to learn some of the irrational factors , for example, a natural classroom lighting, lighting, lighting, seating, seated, excessive use eyes, pay attention to eye health, eye fatigue is closely related to myopia is divided into mild myopia (-3D below); moderate myopia (-- 3D - 6D),-6D or more as high myopia, myopia authenticity required to wear appropriate glasses, children and adolescents need to be fully dilated in the absence of regulating state optometry, refraction measured by the eye itself, after the age of 18 , in the myopia progression-free circumstances, do radial keratotomy to correct myopia.

此外尚有一种"假性近视"，其因过度运用调节作用，例如在儿童、青少年读书时，读物与眼球的距离过于接近，势必增加眼球的调节作用，引起睫状肌功能增强或痉挛，这种近视的发生与在学校以及家庭学习的一些不合理因素有关，例如教室的自然采光，灯光照明，坐位、坐姿，过度用眼，不注意用眼卫生、眼疲劳有密切关系，近视眼又分为轻度近视（－3D以下）；中度近视（－3D—－6D），－6D以上者为高度近视，真性近视需配戴合适的眼镜，儿童和青少年均需充分散瞳，在无调节状态下验光，测出眼球本身的屈光度，18岁以后，在近视无进展的情况下，可做放射状角膜切开术，以矫正近视。

Adductor tenotomy,closed reduction and frog type plaster immobilization process is a effective way to treat children with DDH between 6～36 months old.

内收肌切断、手法闭合复位、改良蛙式石膏固定方法对6～36个月发育性髋脱位患者是一种有效的治疗方法，能很好的降低股骨头缺血性坏死的发生率，复位前髋臼指数值的大小与股骨头缺血性坏死的发生关系不大，但大于2 cm的高度脱位是并发股骨头缺血性坏死的重要因素之一。

The major etiology of cubital tunnel syndrome is chronic injury with sustained compression of ulnar nerve around elbow joint.

结论］肘部的创伤及慢性劳损可以导致肘管弓状韧带出现肥厚增生，引起尺神经卡压磨损，这是肘管综合征最常见的病因；其他病因还包括慢性骨关节炎，占位病变和先天异常；尺神经可被机械性卡压和磨损，出现慢性缺血缺氧，导致肘管综合征的发生；详细的体格检查和术前的肌电图检查是诊断肘管综合征的主要手段，在诊断时应注意该病与其他部位迟发性尺神经麻痹的鉴别。

The anatomy relationship of venae hepaticae intermediae and its branches on gallbladder bed were analysed,which could be the reference during the LC.Results:For 112 patients suffered from inatrophic cholecystitis and cholecystolithiasis,whose gallbladders were decoherence directdly from ectoptygma muscular coat close to the gallbladder wall.

结果：对于术前经彩色多普勒超声波检查明确的肝中静脉直接和胆囊床相贴的非萎缩性胆囊炎胆囊结石的102例患者，采用紧靠胆囊壁的浆肌层直接进行剥离；而慢性萎缩性胆囊炎胆囊结石的24例患者，采用胆囊粘膜切除，或者直接开腹手术切除，未发生因损伤胆囊床肝中静脉而大出血。

IV midazolam 0.015 mg/kg administered 90 s before induction of anesthesia with etomidate is effective in reducing myoclonic movements and does not prolong recovery in unpremedicated patients after short procedures.

用依托咪酯进行诱导前90秒静脉注射0.015 mg/kg 咪达唑仑对降低肌振挛的发生是很有效的，并且在一个短暂的过程后这并不延迟未使用术前用药的病人的苏醒。

Examination the cell shape and pseudopodia with confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, we found that cell spreading well on nanogrooved substrates and their body was more flat and slim; meanwhile, on plain substrates, cells were mostly round.

纳米沟槽能很好地促进细胞贴壁黏附、铺展、生长和增殖，并影响细胞的周期；纳米沟槽诱导细胞骨架发生重组，肌动蛋白骨架沿着纳米沟槽的方向取向排列；纳米沟槽影响细胞伪足形成的方式和形成与细胞中的位置。

The rate of posterior scleral staphyloma in high myopia with strabismus was quite high, the eyeball originally elongates was upward in the temporal area, not towards the weakest part of the muscle cone.

眼轴的增长和后巩膜葡萄肿的形成导致外直肌的延长、张力降低，发生下移，这可能是导致高度近视患者斜视的主要病理生理学因素。

The morphological and spontaneous contractile properties of isolated cell appeared to be typical embryonic cardiomyocytes when assessed by phase-contrast microscope.

心肌肥大会使胚胎时期出现过的基因重新表达[5]，所以在胚胎心脏上曾经存在的电流可能会在病理情况下重新表现，从而导致某些心脏病的发生，事实上，在自发性高血压大鼠和人体衰竭心脏的心室肌细胞上都记录到了if [1， 2]。

The reasons for false-positive facet blocks are multifactorial and include placebo response (18–32%) to diagnostic facet interventions, use of sedation, the liberal use of superficial LA, and the spread of injectate to paingenerating structures other than those targeted.166 Although some investigators have disputed this assertion,167,168 it is our belief that not only opioids, but sedatives such as midazolam, can lead to false-positive blocks by interfering with the interpretation of analgesic response (i.e., preventing a patient from engaging in normal activities) and virtue of their muscle relaxant properties.169 In a recent survey conducted in 500 patients receiving facet blocks or epidurals at an outpatient spine center, only 17% requested sedation.170

小关节阻滞性诊断的假阳性结果的原因是多种多样的，包括安慰剂反应(18–32%)，如利用镇静剂，浅表大量应用LA以及注射液外渗到目标外的其他疼痛发生阻滞。虽然有些学者对这种论断持怀疑态度，但是我们认为不论类罂粟碱，咪达唑仑等镇静剂，都可因具有麻醉反应（如可阻止患者从事正常活动）及肌松特点而导致假阳性率。在最近一项500人的研究中，这些门诊患者接受了小关节阻滞或硬膜外阻滞，只有17%患者需要镇静剂。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷