肋胸膜的

At this point, it is crossed by or may cross the phrenic nere from its own side and continues downwards with the internal thoracic ein medially, lying deep to the costal cartilage and superficial to the underlying parietal pleura.

在此处它与膈神经交叉或在同侧越过膈神经继续与内侧的胸廓内静脉下行，向深面到肋软骨，浅面到潜在的壁胸膜。

The rate of pleural effusion to diagnose is 88.9% under thoracoscopy:tuberculous pleurisy displays mainly pleura hairy nubble and diffuse white millet nubs and pleural thickeningthe trabe-form conglutination can been found; and metastatic tumor of pleura shows gray tuberculum impar and inequality of size nodosities with diffused pleural congestive and edema in the CPA and disphragmatic muscle.

结核性胸膜炎主要表现为胸膜多发结节，部分病灶出现弥漫性白色粟粒样结节和胸膜增厚，可见条索状粘连；而转移性胸膜肿瘤主要表现在肋膈角、横膈处的灰白色单结节和大小不等的多结节；非特性慢性炎症性胸膜炎主要为胸膜充血水肿，胸膜增厚纤维增生或粘连，少见有单个或多个结节增生。

The rate of pleural effusion to diagnose is 88.9% under thoracoscopy:tuberculous pleurisy displays mainly pleura hairy nubble and diffuse white millet nubs and pleural thickening,the trabe-form conglutination can been found; and metastatic tumor of pleura shows gray tuberculum impar and inequality of size nodosities with diffused pleural congestive and edema in the CPA and disphragmatic muscle.

结核性胸膜炎主要表现为胸膜多发结节，部分病灶出现弥漫性白色粟粒样结节和胸膜增厚，可见条索状粘连；而转移性胸膜肿瘤主要表现在肋膈角、横膈处的灰白色单结节和大小不等的多结节；非特性慢性炎症性胸膜炎主要为胸膜充血水肿，胸膜增厚纤维增生或粘连，少见有单个或多个结节增生。

Results The anatomic structures of "Jianzhongshu" for perpendicular insertion downward were skin, superficial fascia, trapezius, rhomboideus, splenius cervicis, erector spinae, suprapleural membrane and cupula of pleura in order.The anatomic structures of "Dazhu" were skin, superficial fascia, trapezius, rhomboideus, upper posterior serratus, splenius cervicis, erector spinae, levator ribs, internal intercostal membrane and costal pleura in order.

结果 肩中俞向下直刺的解剖结构依次是皮肤、浅筋膜、斜方肌、菱形肌、颈夹肌、竖脊肌、胸膜上膜、胸膜顶；大杼穴向下直刺的解剖结构依次是皮肤、浅筋膜、斜方肌、菱形肌、上后锯肌、颈夹肌、竖脊肌、肋提肌、肋间内膜、肋胸膜。

Results The anatomic structures of "Jianzhongshu" for perpendicular insertion downward were skin, superficial fascia, trapezius, rhomboideus, splenius cervicis, erector spinae, suprapleural membrane and cupula of pleura in order.The anatomic structures of "Dazhu" were skin, superficial fascia, trapezius, rhomboideus, upper posterior serratus, splenius cervicis, erector spinae, levator ribs, internal intercostal membrane and costal pleura in order.

结果 肩中俞向下直刺的解剖结构依次是皮肤、浅筋膜、斜方肌、菱形肌、颈夹肌、竖脊肌、胸膜上膜、胸膜顶；大杼**向下直刺的解剖结构依次是皮肤、浅筋膜、斜方肌、菱形肌、上后锯肌、颈夹肌、竖脊肌、肋提肌、肋间内膜、肋胸膜。

Thoracic epidural analgesia was superior to intrathecaland intercostal techniques, although these were superior tosystemic analgesia; interpleural analgesia was inadequate.

胸段硬膜外镇痛比鞘内注射和肋间技术优越，而它们都优于系统性药物镇痛；胸膜间的镇痛则显得不足。

METHODS: In this systematic review of randomized trials weevaluated thoracic epidural, paravertebral, intrathecal, intercostal,and interpleural analgesic techniques, compared to each otherand to systemic opioid analgesia, in adult thoracotomy.

在这项随机试验的系统综述中作者评估了胸部硬膜外、椎旁、鞘内注射、肋间和胸膜间等镇痛技术在成人的开胸手术中的应用的相互比较，并与全身应用阿片类药物镇痛比较。

We successfully separated the connected liver parenchyma,sternums and the most inferior two pairs of the ribs, conjoined pleura,conjoined pericardium.

结果 术中见腹腔中有各自的消化道，共肝断面积 5cm ×6cm，胸腔中2个心包紧贴，2个胸膜紧贴，胸骨下段及 4~8 肋相连，均予完全分开。

Results They had normal separated gastrointestinal.The connected liver area were 5cm× 6cm.We successfully separated the connected liver parenchyma,sternums and the most inferior two pairs of the ribs, conjoined pleura,conjoined pericardium.

结果 术中见腹腔中有各自的消化道，共肝断面积 5cm ×6cm，胸腔中2个心包紧贴，2个胸膜紧贴，胸骨下段及 4～8 肋相连，均予完全分开。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。