聚合酶

Fund Project: the National Natural Science and Technology Source Program, No. 2001DEA1006*Abstract: Number of neural stem cells is small. NSCs look like circle or ellipse with or without short neurite, with large nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and deep karyotin. NSCs have no visible differences with other kinds of cells in appearance, and have no cell surface marker. Currently, there are mainly three aspects to identify NSCs: expression of specific nerve antigen, including nestin, Musashi, transcription factor, and cell adhesion molecules; self-renewal ability including single cell clone analysis, BrdU mark and S phase cell; the potential of multi-direction differentiation including immunocytochemical process and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

由于神经干细胞的数量很少，从细胞形态来看神经干细胞为圆形或椭圆形，无或有较短的突起，核质比大，核染色较深，形态上与其它种类的细胞没有明显的差异，并且未找到一种细胞表面特异性标志物，因此目前鉴定神经干细胞主要有以下3个方面：特异性神经抗原的表达，包括巢蛋白、Musashi、转录因子及细胞黏附分子；自我更新能力，包括单细胞克隆分析、BrdU标记S期细胞；多向分化潜能，包括免疫细胞化学法、聚合酶链反应色法。

Number of neural stem cells is small. NSCs look like circle or ellipse with or without short neurite, with large nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and deep karyotin. NSCs have no visible differences with other kinds of cells in appearance, and have cell surface marker. Currently, there are mainly three aspects to identify NSCs: expression of specific nerve antigen, including nestin, Musashi, transcription factor, and cell adhesion molecules; self-renewal ability including single cell clone analysis, BrdU mark and S phase cell; the potential of multi-direction differentiation including immunocytochemical process and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

由于神经干细胞的数量很少，从细胞形态来看神经干细胞为圆形或椭圆形，无或有较短的突起，核质比大，核染色较深，形态上与其它种类的细胞没有明显的差异，并且未找到一种细胞表面特异性标志物，因此目前鉴定神经干细胞主要有以下3个方面：特异性神经抗原的表达，包括巢蛋白、Musashi、转录因子及细胞黏附分子；自我更新能力，包括单细胞克隆分析、BrdU标记S期细胞；多向分化潜能，包括免疫细胞化学法、聚合酶链反应色法。

Point mutation in codon 12 of Hras and Kras were detected by polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism.

应用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性分析法检测Hras、Kras基因第12密码子点突变情况。

Fig 1 Negative control Female umbilical cord sample has no Y-specific signal after in situ hybridization with the biotinylated Y-repeated sequence DNA probe PY3.4 Fig 2 Positive control Flow-sorted male umbilical cord cells hybridized to Y-specific DNA probe PY3.4,Every cell contains a Y-specific signal Fig 3 Fetal cells sorted from maternal blood Flow-sorted cells from a pregnant woman at 20 weeks of gestation hybridized to Y-specific DNA probe PY3.4,containing a Y-specific signal Fig 4 The result of polymerase chain reaction Lane 1:male umbilical cord NRBCs sorted by FITC-conjugated anti-monoclonal glycophorin A;Lane 2:sample of 2;Lane 3:male umbilical cord NRBCs sorted by FITC-conjugated anti-CD36;Lanes 4-5:samples of 1 and 3;Lane 6:50 cells of male;Lane 7:5 cells of male;Lane 8:200ng male DNA(positive+control);Lane 9:nonpregnant female DNA(negative+control);Lane 10:ΦX174 HaeⅢ Maker,271bp:amplified band of Y-specific gene SRY;383bp:amplified band of human β-globin gene

图1 阴性对照女性脐带血标本，经与生物素标记的Y-染色体重复序列DNA探针原位杂交后未见Y-染色体特异信号图2 阳性对照分选的男性脐血细胞经与Y-特异DNA探针杂交后，每一细胞都含有Y-染色体特异信号图3 母体外周血中分选的胎儿细胞从一位妊娠20周的孕妇外周血中分选出的细胞经与Y-特异DNA探针杂交细胞中含有Y-染色体特异信号图4 聚合酶链反应结果 1：GPA-FITC单抗分选男胎脐血NRBCs；2：2号标本；3：CD36-FITC单抗分选男胎脐血NRBCs；4、5：1、3号标本；6：50个男性细胞标本；7：5个男性细胞标本；8：200ng男性DNA；9：未孕女性DNA；10：ΦX174 HaeⅢ标准，271bp：为SRY基因扩增带；383bp：为人β-珠蛋白基因扩增带内参照

Methods Polymerase chain reactionwas used to detect the HPV subgene in 25 specimens of laryngeal carcinoma and 6 normal larynges.

采用聚合酶链反应（polymerase chain reaction，PCR）技术对临床活体组织中HPV-E1的表达进行病毒病因学研究，所采用的公共产物代表HPV13个亚型。

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus ; gX gene ; PCR ; recombinant ; chickens

传染性喉气管炎病毒； gX基因；聚合酶链反应；重组子；鸡

Since respiratory tract infections, including IB, are critical in the poultry industry, a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay that detects avian viral respiratory pathogens in the same reaction was developed for the economic and clinical needs. Four sets of specific oligonucleotide primers for infectious laryngotracheitis virus, IBV, Newcastle disease virus, and avian influenza virus were used in this study.

由於呼吸道疾病对於家禽产业有很大的影响，因此基於经济与应用在临床上区别诊断的考量，本实验室发展多引子反转录聚合酶链锁反应，一共使用四组针对传染性喉头气管炎病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、新城病病毒、以及家禽流行性感冒病毒的特异性引子来进行测试。

The AC2 gene fragment of cotton leaf curl virus was obtained from total DNA of CLCuV infected tobacco leaves by polymerase chain reaction, and the amplified DNA fragment was cloned into vector.

以棉花曲叶病毒侵染的烟草叶片组织总DNA为模板，通过聚合酶链反应扩增CLCuV的AC2基因片段并插入克隆载体。

The activity of rhizobia nodulation genes is essential for the bacteria to establish symbiosis with leguminous plants.

根瘤菌结瘤基因的活动是它们和宿主植物形成共生关系的基础。这些基因的表达受到了严格的调控。本文中我们从RNA聚合酶和转录。。。

Methods: Mutations of FX Leiden in 103 samples of DVT and 106 samples of control were examined with PCR-RFLP.

利用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性方法，检测103例深静脉血栓形成患者与106例正常对照的FV Leiden突变，并进行对比分析。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。