聚合的

The base-catalyzed rapid polymerization of caprolactam applied to the spinning of synthetic fiber was investigated. Acetanilide was used as molecular weight stabilizer, which could efficiently control the course of polymerization and to obtain the polymer with stable viscosity. The scale-up experiments on continuous polymerization and direct spinning were run smoothly.

对碱性催化的己内酰胺快速聚合应用于纺丝进行了研究，采用了合适的分子量稳定剂，控制了聚合进程，得到粘度稳定的聚合体，并且进行了连续聚合直接纺丝的扩大试验，取得了持续稳定运转的结果，纺出产品复丝，其抗张强度为5—6克/，延伸为19—25％，与水解聚合方法同类产品丝相仿。

This thesis demonstrates the pre-polymers in a polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals can be polymerized into a polymer film, which can eliminate the aligning capability of the homogeneous alignment layer. Thereafter, the textures of the cholesteric liquid crystals in UV-cured region can be changed from reflective planar texture to the scattered focal conic one. Additionally, the clearing temperature of the liquid crystals can be reduced by doping with chiral dopant or monomers. The cause is the increase of the impurity concentration in LCs. In other words, if the monomers are polymerized, the clearing temperature of LCs in that region should increase due to the decrease of the impurity concentration. Therefore, impurities associated with doping with monomeric and chiral dopants cause the clearing temperature of LCs in cured region to differ from that in uncured region.

本文中，我们提出在高分子聚合物薄膜之胆固醇液晶(polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals，简称PDCLCs)中，利用紫外光使PDCLC中的单体聚合成薄膜，此即为光引致聚合反应，而该薄膜将原本在表面所作的配向膜覆盖且破坏其配向能力，使胆固醇液晶由原本反射的planar结构转换成散射的focal conic结构；另外，有关液晶材料的相变温度会由於掺杂手性分子或单体而降低，此因液晶材料内『杂质』浓度增加，而造成的液晶材料之不纯度增加，最终导致相变温度降低，若搭配上述光引致聚合反应，则由於光照区之单体聚合，使该区域单体占总材料之比例下降，即不纯度降低，进而使液晶材料之相变温度上升，该区域之相变温度与未照光区有所不同。

Environmental pollution tailings brought about and significance of comprehensive utilization of tailings acted in environmental protection are briefly discussed.

简述了尾矿对环境造成的污染以及综合利用和环境治理的意义，介绍了矿物聚合材料的构成、特性以及聚合反应机理，论述了尾矿在聚合材料中应用的研究状况，对尾矿制备的矿物聚合材料的应用前景作了展望。

In the inductive period of the polymerization, the rate is proportional to the second power of the potential, but in the autocatalytic period, the rate is only proportional to the potential.

在一系列的聚合电位下制备了聚苯胺修饰电极，得到聚合电位与PA膜电化学性质的关系，达到通过控制聚合电位来得到不同电化学性质PA膜的目的，为PA膜研究中聚合电位的使用提供了较为系统的数据。

According to the characteristic of silver nanoparticles, their uniform dispersion in reaction media was obtained by surface modification, ultrasonic radiation and the select of emulsion, and then emulsion polymerization system were formed by combination with reactive monomer and initiator. Nano-Ag/Polystyrene core-shell particles were prepared by emulsion polymerization and their microstructure were characterized by TEM, FTIR, XPS, AFM and TG/DTA. The experimental results showed that silver nanoparticles were coated by polymer and the composite particles had typical core/shell structure, and the microlevel combination was realized. Meantime, the form mechanism of nano-Ag/polystyrene core-shell particles was tentatively researched. The conclusion is that the perfect coating was able to obtained by the control of reaction condition.

根据纳米银粒子的特性，借助于表面处理、超声辐照以及乳化剂的选择，使其均匀分散在反应介质中，再与反应单体、引发剂等形成乳液聚合体系；采用乳液聚合方法、包裹聚合方式，制备出纳米银/聚苯乙烯核壳复合粒子，并借助于TEM、FTIR、 XPS、AFM、TG/DTA等分析手段对复合粒子微观结构进行了表征；结果表明：纳米银粒子表面被聚合物层包覆，复合粒子呈明显的核壳结构，实现了微观尺度上的复合；同时，初步探讨了纳米银/聚苯乙烯核壳复合粒子的形成机理，指出：通过控制反应条件，可以使形成纳米银/聚苯乙烯核壳复合粒子的聚合反应方式占主导地位，实现最大限度地包覆。

Microreaction system has an advantage over conventional reaction system, which is of huge application value in the field of military and commerce.

活性聚合可以通过对聚合体系的选择和聚合条件的控制来制备具有预定结构的聚合物，这是采用传统聚合方法难以实现的。

By using the hydrochloric acid pickling wastewater and scrap iron asraw materials ,the polysilicic acid - polyferric chloride flocculant isprepared under different conditions.

以盐酸酸洗废液和废铁屑为原料，制备了聚硅酸聚合氯化铁复合型絮凝剂，研究了聚铁中铁浓度、聚合硅酸浓度、聚合硅酸pH值、n∶n及复合熟化时间等因素对絮凝性能的影响。

Probably the octamer changes position without ever completely losing contact with the DNA

当聚合酶前进时，它会在前方产生阳性的超螺旋结构，这将会取代与DNA和聚合酶保持联系，并在RNA聚合酶后嵌入八聚体。

In the second part, quantum chemical AM1 methods were employedto theoretically investigate the electronic structures of maleic anhydride in ground- and excited-states. On basis of the frontier orbital theoryand three bonding principles, the possibility of reaction of active α-hydroxysuccinic anhydride carbanion and active α-hydroxy-succinic anhydride radical on polymerization process of MArespectively by alkali catalyst and by hydroxyl radical was discussed. Theanionic and radical polymerization of MA discussed also. Theoreticalstudies show that both polymerization products of MA are in the chainstructures, corresponding to the experimental findings.

第二部分用量子化学AM1方法，计算研究了马来酸酐的基态和激发态电子结构；应用前线轨道理论和成键三原则分别探讨了碱催化条件下和羟基自由基引发下马来酸酐均聚合过程中α-羟基丁二酸酐碳阴离子和α-羟基丁二酸酐碳自由基活性中间体参与反应的可能性及由它们引发的马来酸酐阴离子聚合反应机理和自由基引发聚合反应机理；理论研究表明马来酸酐的均聚合产物均为链式结构，与实验事实相相符。

Symmetric Lewis base has the following problem in the application that the relatively high content of regulator will reduce the rate of polymerization and impact further polymerization as well as the coupling process after the polymerization.

对称型路易斯碱在应用中存在问题：较高调节剂含量将会降低聚合速率、影响进一步聚合以及聚合以后的偶联过程。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。