联邦制度

A prudent Euro-federalist would resist comparisons with Belgium's rotten institutions, described by one Belgian senator as a "particracy" in which power is derived only tenuously from votes cast by the people.

一个谨慎的欧洲联邦主义者会反对拿比利时脆弱的体制做对比，一个比利时参议员把这套制度称作"particracy"，其权力来自于设计精巧的按民族划分的投票。

And if the Education Department is serious about abolishing the two-track loan system (in which it provides direct loans as well as subsidizes private-lender loans), this is just one more way of convincing borrowers to throw their hat in with the feds.

并且如果教育署是很认真的取消双轨贷款制度（在那它提供直接的贷款就像是补贴的私人出借人贷款一样），这只是把他们的帽子增添进联邦调查局里的一个更令人信服的借款方式。

Exercised an unlimited Federal Contracting Officer warrant in the award and administration of contracts for equipment, supplies, and services (including engineering, design, construction, and maintenance/operation contracts).

在设备机械和服务（包括工程、设计、制造和维护/操作合同）合同的授予和管理上大胆采用联邦定单长官无限责任授权书制度。

This paper traces the history of America's drug regulatory regime change from the perspective of institutional change. It argues that this centurial history can be divided into three regimes: ex-post regulatory regime, ex-ante regulatory regime and process regulatory regime.

本文从制度变迁史的角度，对美国联邦政府药品规管体制的百年变迁历史进行了梳理，并结合风险规管本身的特征，将其划分为事后型规管、事前型规管和全过程规管三个阶段，力图展现出现代风险社会中规管型国家起源和发展的基本轨迹，反映出国家对商业社会、工业社会和信息社会三种不同社会形态下社会风险的规管模式。

The fact that the European political union has formed and developed raised an unavoidable question: How to look upon Lenin's opinion: a Federal Europe under the capitalist system is irrealizable or reactionary.

欧洲政治联盟形成与发展的现实，为我们提出了一个无法回避的问题：如何看待列宁认为建立&欧洲联邦&&在资本主义制度下不是无法实现的，便是反动的&观点。

Following the decision of the US Court of Appeals for the Federeal Circuit in Markman –v- Westview Instruments (upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court) US Court practice is to have a pre-trial "Markman" hearing before a judge to determine claim construction.

根据美国联邦巡回上诉法院案例法Markman –v- Westview Instruments，在法官决定对所主张权利的定义前，美国法院实务中有审判前的马克曼听证会制度。

The final direction of this thesis is a practical institutional design: it gives an overall summary of important cases and rules of the relation betweens judiciary and mass media in Supreme Court of the United States in the recent two centuries, while anatomizing the actuality of judiciary and media in current China.

本文最后指向一种实用性的制度设计：全面总结了美国联邦最高法院二百年来处理法庭与传媒关系的规则发展，又针对性剖析了我国&司法&与&传媒&两界的现状，在比较研究之后提出了我国完善司法与传媒关系的法庭规则的立法方式、立法原则和具体规范设计。

According to the thought of defending statesovereignty and united educational space, Russia first carried out National ExaminationSystem among five principle union federals in 2001,which means the beginning of entranceexamination system of colleges.

而在&维护国家和民族统一的教育空间&思想的引领下，俄罗斯于2001年在5个联邦主体首次实行了国家统一考试，这标志着其高等学校招生考试制度改革的开始。

The Confederation of Indian Industry has introduced a package of dalit-friendly measures, including scholarships for bright low-caste students.

印度联邦工业部已经引入了一整套有利于 dalit 阶层的方案，其中包括向那些优秀的低种姓学生授予奖学金的制度。

TheConfederation of Indian Industry has introduced a package of dalit-friendlymeasures, including scholarships for bright low-caste students.

印度联邦工业部已经引入了一整套有利于dalit阶层的方案，其中包括向那些优秀的低种姓学生授予奖学金的制度。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。