联合作用

JOSEPH STANISLAW, Co-Author, CommandingHeights: Keynes felt that the market economy would go to excesses, and when things were in difficulty the market wouldn't work.

JOSEPH STANISLAW，《制高点》的联合作者：凯恩斯认为市场经济会产生过剩；困难时期市场不起作用。

Spinal meta stases treatment may include combinations of radiotherapy, vertebroplasty, and bisphosphonates, which have proved analgesic effect and a decrease of bone complications; however, out of these options, only vertebroplasty allows rapid stabilization and analgesia.

尽管如此，如不能联合应用，仅用椎体成形术也能达到重建稳定性和控制疼痛的作用。

Methods At first, retrovirus vectors encoding IFN-γ or IL-4 gene were constructed. They were transfected into PA317 packaging cells by lipofectamine, PA317IFN-γ and PA317IL-4 cells were obtained. C6 glioma cells were infected with replication deficiency retrovius containing IFN-γ or IL-4 gene, cell morphology、cell growth curve and cloning efficiency assay were examined. The intracranial C6 glioma animal model was established in immunocompetent Wistar rats. PA317IFN-γ and PA317IL-4 cells were stereotactically implanted into the tumor areas alone or together. The survival of tumor bearing rats were examined, tumor volumes were measured and immunohistochemical analyses of CD4〓 and CD8〓 T lymphocyte infiltration were performed.

构建和鉴定携带IL-4或IFN-γ基因的逆转录病毒载体，将其导入逆转录病毒包装细胞PA317，通过G418抗性筛选，得到携带目的基因的包装细胞并鉴定；应用携带IL-4或IFN-γ基因的复制缺陷型逆转录病毒感染C6胶质瘤细胞，观察对C6胶质瘤细胞形态、细胞生长曲线和克隆形成率的影响；建立C6胶质瘤大鼠脑内移植动物模型，将携带IL-4和IFN-γ基因的逆转录病毒包装细胞分别或联合注射到脑内荷瘤大鼠的肿瘤组织中，观察其治疗作用，并初步探讨其机制。

In view of these facts, we cocultured ESCs with striatal tissue and observed the direct inductive effect of striatal tissue.

在这些事实的启发下，我们将ESC与纹状体组织块联合培养，观察了纹状体组织块对ESC的定向诱导作用。

Fluvastatin plus shenmai injection can protect eschemiareperfused myocardium in rabbits favourably,the efficasy of symphysial administration,surpasses that of singular one.

普伐他汀配伍参麦注射液对心肌缺血再灌注损伤有良好的保护作用，联合用药优于单一用药。

The project of alternate half-body irradiation combined with R-CHOP to treat DLBCL has effect on apparente synergia and attenuation and could improve the patient's quality of life.

交替半身照射联合美罗华治疗弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤有明显的增效、减毒及改善患者生活质量的作用。

The results suggest that the combination of paeonol and cisplatin has synergistically inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human esophageal cancer cell line Eca-109

丹皮酚与顺铂联合应用具有明显的协同抗食管癌Eca-109细胞增殖的作用。

objective to explore if elemene can synergize tamoxifen through using non cytotoxic dose of elemene and tamoxifen in combination on mcf 7cell line of breast cancer.

目的 观察榄香烯和三苯氧胺对乳腺癌细胞的抑制效应，尤其是两者联合应用有无协同增效作用。

Notably,we also found that anti-CTLA4 can wellsynergize with B7-expressing tumor vaccines.This result is different with that ofHurwitz et al obtained from a similar research in 1998,in which they found thatanti-CTLA4 can not synergize with B7-expressing tumor vaccines.

值得注意的是，在我们的实验中发现anti-muCTLA4抗体与B7瘤苗联合治疗小鼠肿瘤具有很好的协同效应，这与1998年Hurwitz等在类似的研究中所得出的结论不同，即他们认为anti-muCTLA4抗体与B7瘤苗间没有协同抗小鼠肿瘤作用。

These results indiacated that tranferring macrophages combinedwith cytokines could be a new adoptive immunotherapy protocol foradvanced cancer,and rTNF used in vivo locally could induce andactivate macrophages to kill tumor cells.Monocytes when activatedunderwent a series of phenotypic and functional changes includingthe expression of IL-2R which may provide an important immunoregu-latory pathway.The presence of lectin-like molecules on thesurface of monocytes and tumor cells may bring theeffector/target cells together,thus facilitating the inductionof apoptosis in target cells by triggering the production ofcytolytic factors and the modification of target of targer cell surface anti-gens.(such as HLA-DR).

综合以上结果可以得出以下结论：转输巨噬细胞并结合细胞因子的联合应用是肿瘤继承性免疫中的又一新的、有潜力的方法；抗肿瘤细胞因子rTNF可通过激活巨噬细胞在体内抑制对其不敏感的肿瘤细胞的生长；人单核细胞在一定条件下激活后，可表达IL-2R，进而一方面增强其自身对IL-2的敏感性，另一方面在体内也具有调节T细胞功能的作用；单核细胞和肿瘤细胞上存在的凝集素类受体可促使两种细胞之间在凝集素介导下相互接近，并诱发单核细胞产生细胞毒因子，以及通过调节靶细胞上表面抗原的表达，促进诱导靶细胞的细胞凋亡。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。