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Our previous studies have shown that ubiquitous overexpression of HmgD caused hemocytes proliferation and the formation of melanotic tumors in the Drosophila larvae. To clarify the mechanism of melanotic tumors appearance,we also generated RT-PCR analysis to test the transcriptional changes of PPAE and Spn27A,which encode the key factors in the phenoloxidasecascade pathway from larvae samples of mid-third instar,late-third instar and prior to pupation relative to wild type flies.Our result showed that in the HmgD overexpression mid-third instar larvae,the expression level.of Spn27A was lower than wild type,otherwise the expression level of PPAE was higher than wild type.It suggests that overexpression of HmgD affects the PO cascade pathway.

本研究组前期工作发现，过量表达HmgD引起果蝇幼虫体内血细胞增生，并出现黑色素瘤，为探讨HmgD过量表达导致了血细胞增生即形成黑色素瘤的分子机制，本研究分别提取三龄中期、后期和相对于野生型化蛹前时刻的幼虫的RNA，首先检测了编码酚氧化酶级联反应途径中的两个关键基因PPAE，Spn27A在突变体中的转录发生变化，结果发现，Spn27A在三龄中期的表达量低于野生型，而PPAE的表达高于野生型，表明过量表达HmgD影响了酚氧化酶级联反应途径，低水平的Spn27A不足以抑制PPAE的活性，活化的PPAE催化了PPO的活性，使其转变成有活性的PO，从而促进黑色素的生成，使果蝇体内产生黑色素瘤。

United defender Mikael Silvestre believes Old Trafford supporters will get behind Ronaldo and stick by him.

曼联后卫西尔维斯特曼联球迷们将站在罗那尔多背后，支持他。

With the increase in CO(NH2)2 concentration,the molecular weight significantly increased,and the best concentration scope of DMAEMA was 0.06%-0.10%.Inaddition,the agents for preventing cross-linking were used to prevent the cross-linking reaction and it content was not allowed too high,and the best concentration scope of sodium acetate(the regulator of molecula weight)was

在此中和度下，AMPS的适宜用量范围为AM的75%～16.25%；AA的适宜用量范围44%～55%；(NH4)2S2O8的适宜用量范围为AM/AA/AMPS总量的0.07%～0.12%；分子量随CO(NH2)2的增加而明显升高；甲基丙烯酸N，N-二甲氨基乙酯的适宜用量范围为0.06 %～0.10%；使用抗交联剂可以解决产品交联造成的难溶问题，但加入量不宜过多，否则分子量会下降；分子量调节剂醋酸钠的用量在1.24 %～1.54%范围内可以使产品的分子量达最佳值。

Tuberculous arthritis is usually monarticular.

结核性联节炎通常只侵犯一个联节。

Results In living body observation showed all the experiment mice had the hair loss in the early stage, that last longer time in cross-linked ADMs which combined with granulation tissue formation on the parts of skin embedded ADM. After 4 weeks, the new-type ADMs embedded subcutenously had been detected a longer degradation time and more naturelike neogenesis collagen in compared to the cross-linked ADMs.

结果：所有试验小鼠在早期均有毛发脱失现象，交联型真皮组持续时间长并伴有肉芽组织形成。4周后，新型复合真皮显示组织结构致密有序，降解时间更长；组织相容性及促自体胶原代谢能力均较交联型真皮更为优越。

In this paper,the monomers including St and BA with strong waterproof property were employed to modify the traditional PVAc emulsion,and meanwhile draw into DAAM functional monomer in the copolymer system,will prepare out cross linking copolymer emulsion for ADH to improve the waterproof,oilproof and dry/wet mechanical property of fuel oil filter paper.

采用具有较强抗水性的苯乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯等单体对传统聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液进行共聚改性，并在共聚体系中引入双丙酮丙烯酰胺功能单体，制备出可通过外加己二酸二酰肼交联的外交联醋丙共聚乳液，以期提高燃油滤纸的耐水、耐油性和干湿态的力学性能。

By introducing organo-zirconium complex into organoboron compound,a crosslinking agent,BA1-21,is developed under strictly controlled reaction condition.

在室内对影响超高温压裂液性能的主要添加剂———稠化剂和交联剂进行了改性，考察了影响超高温改性瓜胶产品性能的主要因素，确定出了其合理的工艺条件，并通过严格控制反应条件，向有机硼中引入有机锆络合物，获得了交联剂BA1-21。

The reaction has been drawing increased attention in that the reaction permit the use of organoboron compounds that are thermally stable and inert to water and oxygen.In this section microwave promoted Suzuki reaction of Sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh4) with carboxylic anhydrides catalyzed by Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 in THF was first reported.

第二章：微波辐射下Pd配合物催化NaBPh_4与羧酸酐的偶联反应研究本章中我们在微波辐射条件下，研究了PdCl_2(PPh_3)_2催化NaBPh_4与羧酸酐偶联反应，合成出了十种不对称芳酮，并分别考察了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、溶剂和原料配比等因素对反应的影响，优选出了较佳的反应条件，并根据文献及实验结果，讨论了可能的反应机理。

The Suzuki reaction, the coupling of organoborate compounds with organic electrophiles catalyzed by Palladium complexes, is a valuable Csp2-Csp bond forming reaction. The reaction has been drawing increased attention in that the reaction permit the use of organoboron compounds that are thermally stable and inert to water and oxygen.In this section microwave promoted Suzuki reaction of phenylboronic acid with benzyl halides catalyzed by Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 DMF/H2O(v/v=10 : 2) was first reported.

第四章：微波辐射下Pd配合物催化端烯与芳卤偶联反应研究本章中我们在微波辐射条件下，研究了PdclZ(P Ph3)：催化端烯与芳卤的偶联反应，合成出了七种乙烯基化合物；并分别考察了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、原料配比、和PTc等因素对反应的影响，优选出了较佳的反应条件，并根据文献及实验结果，讨论了可能的反应机理。

In the experiments, some facters such as the proportion of tetraethyl orthosilicate to coupling agents and distilled water to tetraethyl orthosilicate,the concentration of ammonia,reaction time and reaction temperature were controlled.

研究了正硅酸乙酯与偶联剂的比例、水硅比、氨水用量、反应温度与反应时间等因素对包覆效果的影响，其中重点讨论了偶联剂的添加方式对成膜效果的影响。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。