耻骨肌

The mechanisms of feces control is followed:(1)Perception of oncotic pressure by anal activates the kinetic response of defecation control;(2)The tension of the internal sphincter muscle of anus makes it closed inmost of the time.(3)Tension of anal sphincter and puborectalis mantain the angle between rectum and anal canal and make anal canal closed during the relaxation of anal sphincter ;(4)adaptability of rectum makes rectum engorge in the cases of the not too high pressure of rectum .Destruction of any mechanism above will result in fecal incontinence .

正常人的大便节制主要通过下列机制调控：(1)直肠对膨胀压的感知，激发控制排便节制的动力学反应；(2)肛门内括约肌的张力，使肛管在大部分时间处于关闭状态；(3)肛门外括约肌和耻骨直肠肌的张力，使得在肛门内括约肌松弛期间，维持肛管直肠角的存在，并使肛管处于闭锁状态；(4)直肠适应性，使得在直肠内压不致过高情况下，允许直肠充盈，上述机制中一种或几种受到破坏，就可以引起大便失禁。

2The anterior cutereous branches of the obturator artery penetrate deepfascia of thigh and epimysium of the adductor muscles closing against the lower rami of pubisor at its outer margin.Pudendal-thigh skin flap pedicled on it may be elevated to repairrectovaginal fistula or small skin defects of perineum.As its piercing point is much higher andthe location of pedicle is more fixed because of restriction of pubic rami,it is not suited toreconstruct new vagina.Moreover,it is not appropriate naming the obturator aretry(or themedial femoral circumflex artery)the pudendal-thigh artery.

闭孔动脉前皮支紧邻耻骨下支或于其外侧缘，穿大腿深筋膜和内收肌肌膜浅出，以之为蒂可以形成皮下蒂阴股沟岛状皮瓣，用于阴道直肠瘘或会阴部较小皮肤缺损的修复，但由于闭孔动静脉前皮支浅出点位置较高，并且由于耻骨下支的阻挡和限制，致使血管蒂的位置较为固定，以之为蒂形成的阴股沟皮瓣不适宜用于阴道再造；另外，将闭孔动脉命名为阴股沟动脉，也有欠妥帖。

Methods According to mechanics principle of anus and rectum,adopted close neoplasty operation through rectum cope with 23 cases patient of rectocele,and injected the tela submucosa in ahead rectum with 1:1 Xiao Zhi Ling injection(Xiao Zhi Ling: Sterile Water for Injection)and cut a part of puborectalis.

依据排便时肛门、直肠作用力学原理，对23例直肠前突患者采用直肠前突经直肠闭式修补术，1∶1消痔灵直肠前壁黏膜下注射，辅助耻骨直肠肌部分离断术。

Results in 260 case,there are abnomal of 179 cases in barium enema,including 119 cases with sigmoid colon tediously lons,69 cases with transverse colon prolapse,in defecography,there are abnomal of 217 cases including 174 cases with rectocele,73 cases with rectal mucosal prolapse,87 cases with puborectalis syndrome,and 73 cases with spastic pelvic floor syndrome,many cases have two or more abnomal show.

结果 260例便秘患者中，钡剂灌肠有异常179例，其中乙状结肠延长、迂曲119例；横结肠下垂69例。排粪造影有异常217例，其中直肠前突174例；直肠黏膜脱垂73例，耻骨直肠肌综合征87例，盆底肌痉挛综合症73例；较多患者两者检查均有异常。

To reseach the mechanisms of ED wtih DM from the acpects of endocrinology, morphology and molecular biology, using rats from NDM and STZ groups as control, the concentration of testosterone, LH and FSH in sera, the microstructure of testicular tissue, bulbocavernous and ischiocavernous muscle tissue, and penile cavernous tissue, the ultrastructure of penile cavernous tissue, and the expression of nNOS mRNA, the content of nNOS and eNOS, the activity of NOS and the concentration of cGMP in the pathway of LARG-NO-cGMP in penile cavernous tissue from ED rats with DM were reseached or examinated in Group A, B and C.

本实验利用第一部分所建立的DM性ED模型，采用NDM及STZ大鼠作对照，通过对A组、B组及C组DM性ED大鼠血清中睾酮、LH及FSH浓度的测定，睾丸组织形态结构的研究从内分泌方面探讨DM性ED的发病机理；通过对阴茎海绵体组织显微及超微结构和球海绵体肌及坐骨耻骨肌显微结构的研究，首次从形态学方面探讨DM性ED的发病机理；通过对阴茎海绵体组织L-ARG-NO-cGMP通路中nNOS mRNA表达、nNOS及eNOS含量、NOS活性及cGMP浓度的检测，从分子生物学方面探讨DM性ED的发病机理。

The abdominal wall in the left lower quadrant, 2 finger breadths (3 cm) cephalad and 2 finger breadths medial to the anterior superior iliac spine, has been shown to be thinner and with a larger pool of fluid than the midline and is usually a good choice for needle insertion for performance of a therapeutic paracentesis.27 The right lower quadrant may be a suboptimal choice in the setting of a dilated cecum or an appendectomy scar.

在过去，常常将腹部正中线耻骨与肚脐中间定为穿刺点，现在，由于腹腔穿刺引流大量液体以及腹中部脂肪厚度增加，左下腹成为腹腔穿刺部位（表1），在左下腹部中线至髂前上棘连线上2指宽（3cm）与距髂前上棘2指宽，已经显示较中部脂肪少及腹水较多是治疗性腹腔穿刺好的首选部位27，在盲肠有扩张或阑尾切除术后瘢痕时右下腹是次选的穿刺部位，应避开腹壁下动脉，这些血管走行在耻骨与髂前上棘之间的中线然后在腹直肌中向上行走，，腹壁可见的侧支循环亦应该避开，腹腔镜检查发现侧支循环可出现在中线并且在腹腔穿刺时有导致血管破裂的风险28。

This kind of patch was sutured with the bladder dissected vertically to augment the bladder capacity and increase the compliance(2) The patients of overactive neurogenic urine incontinence with pelvic floor ptosis was undergone pelvic floor strengthening by using the iliopsoas at the same time.

对尿道压力低的真性压力性尿失禁患者同时行锥状肌膀肤颈悬吊术：分离出双侧锥状肌后，将双侧锥状肌从膀胧颈后方交叉固定于双侧耻骨结节。④患者术后进行如下康复训练：扩尿道治疗，一天一次，每次保留十分钟。

Modified Kugel patch repair is conducive to resolving the weakness of myopectineal orifice which is the anatomical basis of inguinal hernia, it is a fundamental resolution to the characteristics of a variety of hernia co-exist and recurrence easily, so it is a better repair with the advantage of thorough treatment, recovery rapidly, fewer complication, and lower recurrences.

改良Kugel腹股沟疝修补技术是针对于解决耻骨肌孔结构薄弱及缺损这一腹股沟疝发生的解剖学基础的腹股沟疝修补技术，具有手术彻底、术后恢复快、并发症少、复发率低的优点，从根本上解决腹股沟疝患者多种疝并存及术后容易复发的特点，是目前腹股沟疝治疗中较理想的手术方式。

In order to research on the method of reconstructing anus in situs, we reconstructed artificial anus with remaining nervi haemorrhoidales superiors and musculus puborectalis.

文摘：为研究保留耻骨直肠肌重建原位肛门治疗直肠癌的方法，在手术治疗低位直肠癌且无法保肛术式的基础上，保留痔上神经以及所支配的耻骨直肠肌重建原位肛门20例。

The anterior branch of obturator nerve innervates adductor longus, and its origin in the muscle travels approximately a length of 71.4±23.2mm(50～95mm) till it reaches the ipsilateral pubic tubercle.

长收肌由闭孔神经前支支配，入肌点与同侧耻骨结节之间的距离为(71.4±23.2)mm50~95mm

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。