耳蜗

Congenital narrowing of IAC establishes a relative contraindication to cochlear implantation because it is associated with aplasia or hypoplasia of the vestibulocochlear nerve or cochlear branch.

人工耳蜗植入对先天性IAC狭窄来说是一项禁忌，因为它多合并有前庭耳蜗神经或耳蜗神经的发育不全。

Methods Take the audibility threshold、basilar membrane stretched preparation and immunofluorescence stain as the index, observing that the rats were put in the stationary noise before 30days until after that for 7days, have vitamin E and sodium chloride , check the auditory brain stem potential and the lost rate and NF-κB of the OHC in the cochlea hair cells expression quantitative analysis.

以听阈、耳蜗基底膜铺片及免疫荧光染色为指标，观察大白鼠在稳态噪声持续暴露之前30天至暴露后7天，灌维生素E或生理盐水，对大白鼠听觉脑干电位分析和耳蜗外毛细胞丢失率分析及NF-κB在耳蜗毛细胞中表达定量分析。

（1） In common cavity malformation, in addition to the abnormal bony labyrinth such as the cochlea, vestibule and lateral semicircular canal, the inner ear perceptive organ such as the saccule, utricle and scala media were also abnormal.（2） Though we could not identify the basal membrane and sensory epithelia under micro-endoscopy, the utricle and saccule could be clearly identified.（3） During cochlear implantation in common cavity malformation, electrode insertion should be monitored under micro-endoscopy, the electrodes should be put close to the anterior wall of the cavity, otherwise the vestibular organ may be damaged.

（1）共同腔畸形极重度聋患者不仅前庭、外半规管和耳蜗的骨性结构形态发生了变化，而且腔内耳蜗中阶与前庭的球囊、椭圆囊的膜迷路结构形态也发生了变化；（2）微窥镜下分辨不出基底膜或听神经细胞的形态结构，可见畸形前庭的球囊、椭圆囊的囊性结构；（3）进行共同腔畸形人工耳蜗植入手术时，应在耳蜗内镜的监视下，将电极摆放到准确位置，尽可能贴近共同腔的前壁，不应损伤前庭器官。

Part three:Cochlear on Hair Cell Like Cells Regeneration in Presbycusis C57BL/6 Mice after Math1 Gene Inner Ear TransfectionIn order to test the probability of Mathl gene induces hair cell like cells regeneration in cochlea of presbycusis C57BL/6 mice,8 mounths old C57BL/6 mice were used for this study and were microinjected with Ad-MathlorAd-EGFP in the scala tympani by ventral approach.

第三部分老年性聋模型小鼠C57BL/6耳蜗鼓阶外源基因Math1导入后出现毛细胞样细胞现象的观察为了观察老年性聋C57BL/6小鼠(8月龄)耳蜗鼓阶外源基因Math1导入后能否在老年性聋的耳蜗微环境诱导出新生的毛细胞样细胞，为Math1基因治疗老年性聋进行探索性研究。

The most important part of an electronic cochlea system is the multiple-channel receiver-stimulator implemented in this thesis, which will be implanted into the mastoidal cavity nearby the cochlea. Data signals transmitted by an external speech processor are received through a tuned inductive coil. The power supply for the receiver-stimulator is derived from the rectified and filtered data signals. Meanwhile, the clock and the data envelope are extracted.

本文实现的多道（22根电极）电子耳蜗接收刺激器是人工电子耳蜗系统中的重要组成部分，它将直接被置入患者耳蜗附近的乳突骨腔中，通过电感耦合接收从体外语音处理器发射的数据信号，通过整流滤波为接收刺激器提供电源，同时提取时钟信号和数据包络[31]。

The hearing impairment of the rickety rats is be- lieved to be due mainly to the decrease of the perilymphatic ionized calcium concentration and the impaired blood supply of inner ear caused by rickets.

认为佝偻病引起内耳液钙离子浓度下降和耳蜗供血不足，是导致听力损害的主要原因，佝偻病大白鼠耳蜗对庆大霉素耳毒性有较强的耐受性可能与耳蜗血流量下降有关。

Meanwhile,many researches have indicated that ischemia,oxygen deficiengcy and excessive sound stimulus all induce inner hair cell and supporting cell to release excess glutamate which poison the hair cell, afferent neurofibers,ganglion spirale.

同时，许多研究表明，耳蜗缺血、缺氧或过度声刺激均可使耳蜗内毛细胞、支持细胞释放大量Glu，对耳蜗内毛细胞、外毛细胞、传入神经纤维和螺旋神经节产生毒害作用。

Five hours after the noise exposure, the cochleae were harvested. mitochondria energetic function, succinate dehydrogenase activity, in the hair cells of cochleae was evaluated with a colorimetric assay using blue tetrazolium monosodium salt. the sdh-labeled organs of corti were double stained with propidium iodide, a dna intercalating fluorescent probe used to visualize the morphologic viability of hair cell nuclei.

采用琥珀酸脱氢酶（succinate dehydrogenase，sdh）染色法进行耳蜗基底膜细胞线粒体染色，细胞核dna荧光染料碘化丙啶（propidium iodide，pi）双重染色耳蜗基底膜，以未受噪声暴露动物为对照，显微镜下观察噪声暴露后耳蜗基底膜核固缩和核肿胀毛细胞琥珀酸脱氢酶染色的变化。

Guinea pigs in group A were used as controls,while guinea pigs in group B,C,D were killed immediately,one week,two weeks after microcochleaendoscopy,then cochleas were taken for light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic ...

本实验主要研究正常豚鼠在耳蜗微窥镜检查术后，所引起的耳蜗组织形态学变化，为耳蜗微窥镜的进一步应用

The experimental group underwent an incision inferior to the pinna, and the cochleas were destoried with a drill through the bulla bilaterally. The control group underwent only an incision without cochlea ablation.

实验组采用耳后径路开放听泡，用微型钻在耳蜗表面钻孔损毁双侧耳蜗结构；对照组仅做耳后切口不破坏耳蜗结构。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。