耳蜗

Morphological and flourescent changes were assessed using confocal microscopy in whole-mount organ of Corti preparations. Results (1) After the animals were exposed to broadband noise at 122 dB SPL in 4 h/day for 2 days, both apoptosis and necrosis appeared in OHCs. The single strand DNA in apoptotic OHCs were observed both in guinea pigs and mice.(2) In normal OHCs, EndoG was distributed outside of nuclei. EndoG translocated from outside to inside of the nuclei in both apoptotic and necrotic OHCs following noise exposure.(3) The MNNG cochlear perfusion and noise exposure both caused the transloctation of AIF from the mitochondria to the nuclei. The translocation of AIF took place in both apoptotic and necrotic OHCs.

结果 (1)暴露于120 dB SPL的白噪声环境中每天4小时，连续2天后引起豚鼠和小鼠耳蜗外毛细胞凋亡时，其细胞核内产生ssDNA，而在正常细胞内没有三ssDNA；（2）在正常情况下，EndoG分布于耳蜗毛细胞的细胞核外，在暴露于上述噪声后发生凋亡和坏死的豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞中，EndoG从细胞核外转移到细胞核内，细胞核中的EndoG显著增加；（3）豚鼠耳蜗外淋巴灌流烷化剂MNNG后发生耳蜗外毛细胞凋亡和坏死，在凋亡和坏死的耳蜗外毛细胞中，AIF自线粒体转移到细胞核，其变化与噪声损伤引起耳蜗外毛细胞凋亡和坏死时一致。

Structures of cochlea were measured on the images of position I and II ,including upper hemicycile width of Basal turn, lower hemicycle width of Middle turn, Middle turn height, Cochlea height, Modiolus area, length and width of Cochlea Nerve Canal on image I and Basal turn diameter, Basal turn lumen on image II.

在标准方位图像上设计并测量耳蜗9个结构径线(笔者分别定义为径线A—I，图Ⅰ A-G，图Ⅱ H-I)，径线A约衡量底周上半周宽度，径线B约衡量中周下半周宽度，径线C约衡量中周高度，径线D约衡量耳蜗高度，径线E约衡量蜗轴面积，径线F衡量蜗神经管宽度，径线G衡量蜗神经管长度，径线H约衡量耳蜗底周外径，径线I约衡量底周管径。

Review articles only; ear; acoustic; hearing loss; deafness; ototoxicity; otorhinolaryngeal; vestibulocochlear; cochlea; sound; bioacoustics; organ of Corti; semicircular canals; cochlear implants; binaural; monaural; tympanic; malleus; incus; stapes; ear drum; geniculate; inner ear hair cells; outer hair cells; round window; oval window

唯一综述；听觉；声学的；听力损失聋的；耳毒性；otorhinolaryngeal；前庭蜗；耳蜗；声音；生物声学的；柯替氏器；半规管；耳蜗植入管；两耳的；单耳的；鼓膜的；锤骨；砧骨；镫骨；耳鼓；膝状的；内耳毛细胞；外毛细胞；圆窗；卵圆窗

Ear; acoustic; hearing loss; deafness; ototoxicity; otorhinolaryngeal; vestibulocochlear; cochlea; sound; bioacoustics; organ of Corti; semicircular canals; cochlear implants; binaural; monaural; tympanic; malleus; incus; stapes; ear drum; geniculate; inner ear hair cells; outer hair cells; round window; oval window

听觉；声学的；听力损失；聋的；耳毒性；otorhinolaryngeal；前庭蜗；耳蜗；声音；生物声学的；柯替氏器；半规管；耳蜗植入管；两耳的；单耳的；鼓膜的；锤骨；砧骨；stapes；耳鼓；膝状的；内耳毛细胞；外毛细胞；圆窗；卵圆窗

To objectively evaluate the surgical trauma to the basilar membrane of the cochlea after cochlear implant electrode insertion through analyzing the thresholds of cochlear microphonic of round window electrocochleography recording pre and post cochlear implant operation.

分析人工耳蜗电极植入前后圆窗耳蜗电图中耳蜗微音电位阈值的变化，以客观评估人工耳蜗植入手术是否对耳蜗基底膜造成损伤。

Methods In this study,a plasmid vector,rAd5,and rAAV2 were used to transfect rat cochlear marginal cells of stria vascularis by injection into the perilymph through the round window membrane,and the transfection efficiency, target tissue accessibility, cell/ tissue toxicity, time course of expression, and effect on hearing were evaluated in vivo and in vitro.

结果三种载体对原代培养的大鼠耳边缘细胞的转染研究发现，腺病毒的转染效率最高，而腺相关病毒转染对细胞活性影响最小。rAAV2和rAd5对大鼠耳蜗组织的感染实验发现，腺病毒和腺相关病毒携带的增强型绿色荧光蛋白可在多种耳蜗组织中及转染对侧耳蜗组织表达，且并不引起明显的耳蜗组织细胞凋亡。rAAV2携带的EGFP基因在第90天时仍可检测到大量表达。rAd5携带的EGFP基因在第30天时表达明显减弱。

Results Hearing threshold of both groups become worse with aging, and the treatment group showed the better auditory sensitivities, the less concentrations of MDA and the less frequency of mtDNA^4834bp deletion compare with the placebo group.

结果 （1）大鼠11月龄时，对照组与实验组的ABR反应阈为（49.3 3.9 ）dBSPL与（49.7 4.4） dBSPL（P＞0.05），耳蜗中丙二醛含量为（10.8 1.7）与（11.6 2.1） pmol/g，P＜0.05；耳蜗内mtDNA4834bp缺失的发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；（2）大鼠24月龄时，对照组与实验组的ABR反应阈、耳蜗中丙二醛含量及耳蜗内mtDNA4834bp缺失的发生率比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01、P＜0.01和P＜0.05）。

The results are: 1 the stricture of the capillaries of stria vascularis was observed in most cochleae of rickety rats and, segmental deletions of the outer hair cells on the first turn of cochlea were found in a small number of rickety rats; 2 the perilymphatic ionized calcium concentration significantly re- duced and the threshold of CAP (Compound Action Poten- tials of the eighth nerve) significantly rose in rickety rats in comparison with those of normal control; 3 gentamicin results in an increase of the perilymphatic ionized calcium concentra- tion in rickety rats; 4 the cochleae of the rickety rats appeared to be less vulnerable to the ototoxicity of gentamicin than the normal one.

研究包括两个方面，其一是&佝偻病的感觉神经性耳聋及其对庆大霉素耳毒性作用的耐受性&，系用大白鼠建立维生素D缺乏性佝偻病动物模型，发现：（1）佝偻病大白鼠耳蜗血管纹毛细血管狭窄，少数动物耳蜗底回外毛细胞有节段性缺失；（2）佝偻病大白鼠的耳蜗鼓阶外淋巴钙离子浓度降低，CAP（听神经复合动作电位，以下简称CAP）听阈提高；（3）庆大霉素可使佝偻病大白鼠耳蜗外淋巴钙离子浓度上升；（4）佝偻病大白鼠耳蜗在功能和形态上都比正常者更能耐受庆大霉素的耳毒性损害。

Kanic acid was injected into guinea pigs' cochleae and the excitotoxicity model was established. After a week the recombinant plasmid was transferred into SGCs of guinea pigs' cochlea treated with HAT. The following week the expression of NT-3 was examined by the immunohistochemical method, and the morphology of SGNs was observed under the electronic microscope after 4 weeks, in the mean time the changes of auditory brain-stein response were examined.

通过耳蜗灌注海人酸(kainic acid， KA)建立豚鼠耳蜗兴奋性损伤模型，在给KA 1周后利用HAT携带重组质粒进行耳蜗灌注以转染耳蜗螺旋神经节细胞，免疫组化法观察转染后1周NT-3的表达及4周后电镜下螺旋神经节细胞形态学变化，同时观察对听觉脑干诱发电位(auditory brain-stem response， ABR)的影响。

Methods ①The spiral organ of corti of 10 mice (20 ears) were taken, and divided into 2 groups randomly (n=10), cultured in 0.1 mol·L-1 gentamicin and the metabolite of 0.1 mol·L-1 gentamicin for 48h, then the number of hair cells remain was recorded;②The spiral organ of corti of 10 mice were taken (20 ears), and divided into 2 groups randomly (n=10), 3% CaCl2 and 0.1 mol·L-1 GM were mixed in the culture medium and the number of hair cells remain in the two medium mentioned above were recorded;③The spiral organ of corti of 10 mice were taken (20 ears), divided into 2 groups randomly (n=10), 3% MgSO4 to 0.1 mol·L-1 GM were mixed in the culture medium, the number of hair cells remain in the two medium mentioned above were recorded.

①取10只小鼠的耳蜗螺旋器（20个），随机分为2组（n=10），分别在含0.1 mol·L-1 GM与0.1 mol·L-1GM代谢产物的培养液中培养48 h后，记数残留的耳蜗毛细胞数；②取10只小鼠的耳蜗螺旋器（20个），随机分为2组（n=10），分别在含0.1 mol·L-1 GM与0.1 mol·L-1GM+3% CaCl2的培养液中培养48 h后，记数残留的耳蜗毛细胞数；③取10只小鼠的耳蜗螺旋器（20个），随机分为2组（n=10），分别在含0.1 mol·L-1 GM与0.1 mol·L-1GM+3% MgSO4的培养液中培养48 h后，记数残留的耳蜗毛细胞数。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。