耗热量

Therelationship between the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate,whichis widely used to parameterize the dissipation rate in turbulence closure models,is found to hold well for both reversing and rotating flows,but with differentcoefficients.Microstructure profiling measurements at two comparative stations (a deepercentral basin and a local shelf break) in the stratified Yellow Sea are analyzed,with emphasis on tidal and internal-wave induced turbulence near the bottomand in the pyenocline.The water column has a distinct three-layer thermohaline structure,consisting of weakly stratified surface and bottom boundary layers anda narrow sharp pycnocline.Turbulence in the surface layer is controlled by thediurnal cycle of buoyancy flux and wind forcing at the sea surface.while thebottom stress induced by barotropic tidal eurrents dominates turbulence in thebottom boundary layer.The maximum level at which the tidally enhanced mixingcan affect generally depends on the magnitude of the tidal current,and it canbe up to 10-15 m in the Yellow Sea.This suggests that,in the deeper regionsof the shelf seas,turbulent dissipation and mixing are very weak at the levelsbetween the near-bottom tidally enhanced layer and the pycnocline.Therefore,these levels provide a significant bottle neck for the vertical exchanges.In theshallow regions,however,the tidally-induced turbulence can occupy the wholewater colum below the pycnocline.A quarter-diurnal periodicities of the turbulentdissipation rate and eddy diffusivity are found at different heights with evidenttime lag.In the relatively flat central basin,the pycnocline is essentially non-turbulent and internal-wave activity is very weak.Therefore,vertical fluxes acrossthe pycnocline decreased to molecular levels.In contrast,internal waves of variousperiods can be always found near the local shelf break.

对强层化季节黄海两对比性站位(分别位于中央海盆区与局地陆坡区)处层化、内波以及湍流混合特征的研究结果表明：1、强层化季节的陆架海水体一般呈现显著的三层热盐结构，在水体近乎混合均匀的上混合层与潮流底边界层之间为强跃层；2、近表层水体的湍流混合强度主要由海表浮力通量的日变化与海表风强迫控制，而在潮流底边界层内，潮混合是水体热量、物质、动量与能量垂直交换的主要机制；3、潮混合影响的深度由潮流大小决定，在黄海，一般可达10-15 m，因此，在水深较深的区域，在跃层与潮混合所至深度范围的上界之间存在湍流混合非常弱的区域，这显著抑制水体内物质的垂直通量，为物质垂直交换的瓶颈，而在水深较浅的区域，潮混合影响范围可至跃层底部，因此物质在跃层以下整个水体中混合非常均匀，当跃层内间歇性强混合发生时，可以产生显著的跨跃层物质输运；4、近底潮致强湍流耗散缓慢地向上传播，底上不同深度处垂直湍扩散系数也具有显著的位相差异，且二者均随时间呈现四分之一周日周期的变化；5、在地形较为平坦的中央海盆区，内波活动非常微弱，因此跃层内湍流混合非常弱，垂直扩散系数为分子扩散水平，跨跃层物质通量受到显著抑制，而在地形变化较为显著的局地陆坡区，内波活动非常活跃，除内潮的影响外，高频内波与内孤立波的影响也很显著，因此跃层内存在很强的间歇性强混合，内孤立波存在的区域，水体湍流混合显著增强。

This paper studies numerically of the transient heat transfer characteristics of building envelope impregnated with phase change material.

由于空调系统各设备的作用是产生和输送一定数量的冷量或热量，各设备的电耗有一个比较合理的比例范围。

The energy-saving ammonia distillations direct steam consumption decreased to 89kg/t, saving the direct steam amounts 22%.

该工艺运用蒸汽喷射闪蒸技术，降低直接蒸汽单耗，回收蒸氨废水中的低品位热量。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。