耗散力

Based on the energy budget analysis of collisional dissipation, particle kinetic energy and particle potential energy, it shows that the main different between the effect of restitution coefficient and drag force on the heterogeneous flow structure is that the former effects the particle agglomeration chiefly and the later effects the bed height mainly.

从碰撞耗散、颗粒动能和颗粒势能的角度分析了二者的作用机理，发现恢复系数和曳力对流动结构的作用主要区别在于对颗粒团聚和床层膨胀的影响程度不同。

Where the first term in the above equation refers to a conservative force, the second to a dissipative force and the third to a random force.

第一项是保守力，第二项是耗散力，第三项是随机力。

The generalized force consists of the generalized conservative force, the generalized dissipation force and the generalized force in correspondence with the generalized coordinate except the generalized conservative force and the generalized dissipation force.

基于非自治有阻尼系统推导了第二类Lagrange方程，使用虚功原理，给出了广义力的求解方法，广义力由广义保守力、广义耗散力、除广义保守力和广义耗散力以外的对应于广义坐标的广义力这3部分组成。

The nonlinear Winkler-Kelvin sub-grade model is adopted in this simplified model and the complicated 3-D problems of the soil-single piles dynamic interaction are simplified to the 1-D, that is to say, the lateral nonlinear acting force of the soil to the pile shift is simulated with thehorizontal nonlinear springs which have the continuous uniform distribution, while the nonlinear spring restoring force is described by the deteriorated Bouc-Wen model; the radiation damping and material damping due to the energy dissipation and inner friction in the soil are displayed with the dashpots which are in parallel with the horizontal nonlinear springs.

该模型采用非线性Winkler-Kelvin地基模型，将复杂的地基土-单桩动力相互作用的三维问题，简化为一维问题，即，地基土对桩轴的横向非线性作用力，由随深度均匀分布的水平非线性弹簧模拟，非线性弹簧恢复力由退化的Bouc-Wen模型描述；地基土中由于能量耗散和内部摩擦而产生的幅射阻尼和材料阻尼，由与水平非线性弹簧并联的粘壶表示。

The friction force is therefore called a nonconservative or a dissipative force.

因此，摩擦力称为非保守力或耗散力。

Base on the lumped parameter model of the torsional vibration system of crankshafts with variable inertia and considering the nonlinear elasticity force and nonlinear dissipative force, a six-degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamical equations with parametric excitation and compulsive force are deduced.

从旋转惯量变化的曲轴扭振系统的集总参数模型出发，同时考虑了系统的非线性弹性力和非线性耗散力，导出了参强联合作用下的六自由度非线性扭转振动微分方程。

The local stress and average stress in different phases for a particle or a fiber with a graded interphase embedded in an infinite matrix under a general macroscopic loading are derived, then Mori-Tanaka and the generalized self-consistent methods have been used to evaluate the effective elastic and viscoelastic properties of the composites.

首先给出了具有沿径向连续变化界面层的颗粒或纤维放在无限大的基体中在静水压力和纯剪切载荷作用下的局部关系，然后利用Mori-Tanaka方法和广义自洽方法分别得到相应的复合材料的有效弹性模量和粘弹性中的储存和耗散模量。

It is proved that the two-dimensional non-hydrostatic Boussinesq equations on the x ? z plane with the kinetic viscous term and the thermal dissipative term are unstable equations in the C 2 function class.2. If we replace the influence of the kinetic viscous term by Rayleigh friction and the thermal dissipative term by Newton cooling, the new generalized equations are stable equations in the C 1 function class. The construction of the solution space and the discriminating method for well-posedness of the problem of determining solution are given.

本文的主要结果如下：1证明了在y方向上均匀的带有运动粘性项以及热耗散项的两维非静力、Boussinesq近似的x-z面上两维旋转流体的控制方程组在C 2函数类中是一个不稳定的方程组。2如果以瑞利摩擦来代替粘性的影响，以牛顿冷却来代替热量的耗散，则所获得的一个新的方程组在C 1函数类中是一个稳定的方程组，给出了其解空间的构造和各种定解问题的适定性的判别方法。

Based on the concept of the non-proportional damping which may be divided into the proportional part for dissipation of energy and the nonproportional part for transformation of energy, a new modal superposition pseudo-force method is presented if the approximate decoupling method is not suitable. In this method the coupled modal equations are solved by iteration in which the coupling terms are treated as pseudo-force and set to the right side of the equations.

在不能进行近似解耦分析时，基于非比例阻尼可分为耗散能量的比例部分和转换能量的非比例部分这种概念，建立了一种拟力实模态叠加法，即把正则化的耦合模态方程中代表非比例阻尼部分的耦合项作为虚力，放到方程的右端，再运用迭代法求解。

Also, triple-line skeleton curve was obtained, which provide base for analyzing this kind of shear walls.

其次通7片纵横配筋的高强砌块配筋砌体高悬臂剪力墙的恢复力试验，考查了竖向荷载、剪跨比、水平配筋对该种剪力墙破坏形态的影响，以及该种墙片的强度、刚度、延性性能及能量耗散能力，并且与钢筋混凝土剪力墙相比较，得出配筋砌体剪力墙抗剪时与钢筋混凝土剪力墙的破坏形态、延性等相近的结论，由试验得出的骨架三折线，也为今后分析该种墙体的抗震性能提供了依据。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失