耕地的

In the dry land and garden plot, the soil eroding amount of terraced fields is only 1/3 of that be ploughed directly along the slope. It is difficult that assart along the contour in the dry land and garden plot, after the first 1~2 years, the soil eroding amount will increase at double. From the soil and water conservation point of view, the mode that integrates arbor, shrub and grass in woodland is the best, the mode that plants grass in bare land is the second.

等高作梯的旱耕地和园地土壤侵蚀量仅为顺坡直耕的早耕地和园地顺坡的1/3左右；早耕地、园地等高开垦的强度大，开垦之后1~2年土壤侵蚀量成倍增长；从水土保持角度看，林地乔、灌、草结合模式最好，裸地植草模式次之。

Plowland pressure index is introduced to analyzed the utilization of rural plowland.

摘 要：为了土地的节约集约化利用，解决日益突出的建设用地与保护资源之间的矛盾，促进国民经济进一步发展，采用耕地压力指数等对农村土地利用现状作统计分析，并且计算1991—2006年的耕地利用的综合技术效率，结果表明：耕地压力指数呈下降趋势，土地利用技术效率总体说来变化平稳，呈现缓慢的上升趋势。

Fifthly, we research the problem about the stochastic fluctuate of the contents of organic compounds and microelements in the land under the assumption continuous-time model. The first, a dynamic model about fertility of plowland is presented using stochastic diffusion processes and distributed parameter system.

在分析了农业耕地中有机物含量及微量元素含量的随机变化过程的基础上，利用扩散随机过程理论及分布参数系统建立分析模型描述耕地肥力的分布状况；研究了以维护耕地最优质量状态作为目标值的最优控制问题。

The results show that population change is the main cause for cultivated land reduction in Suzhou City since the reform and opening. In addition, changes of the urbanization rate and proportion of the tertiary-industry added value to regional GDP of the area also play an important role in the cultivated land reduction. In the scope of observational data, the relationship between the prosperous level and the cultivated land area is similar to the Environmental Kuznets Curve, and Suzhou City is at the early stage of the curve, that is, the period of prominent contradictions.

结果表明：在诸多影响因素中，人口数量的变化是引起改革开放以来苏州市耕地面积减少的主要因素；而第三产业增加值占地区生产总值比重和城市化率的变化对耕地面积的减少也发挥着重要作用；在观测数据范围内，富裕度和耕地面积之间存在类似环境Kuznets曲线，并且苏州市正处于该曲线的前期阶段，属于矛盾的凸显期。

However after 1945 the cultivated area obviously assumed the reduced tendency in every local county, and the cultivated area reduced 25.6% in the year of 1948 than 1944, and some 51.6% of newly reclaimed wastelands were counterbalanced by wasted tilth.

根据民国和田耕地撂荒的档案资料分析，此时期水资源状况基本保持在一个较为稳定的水平上，对地区耕地大面积撂荒不是决定性因子，但却是制约各地区人口数量、垦荒规模和耕地面积总水平的关键因子。

After 1945 the cultivated area obviously assumed the reduced tendency in every local county, and the cultivated area reduced 25.6% in the year of 1948 than 1944, and some 51.6% of newly reclaimed wastelands were counterbalanced by wasted tilth.

根据民国和田耕地撂荒的档案资料，此时期水资源状况基本保持在一个较为稳定的水平上，对地区耕地大面积撂荒不是决定性因子，但却是制约各地区人口数量、垦荒规模和耕地面积总水平的关键因子。

The flaw that exists in the tillable field protection policy laid down by the central government and deviation from the policy hypothetical goal in implementation by the local government lead to the breakdown of the tillable field protection policy. Finally, the author proposes some countermeasures about tillable field protection policy.

本文认为中央政府在耕地保护政策设计过程中存在的缺陷和地方政府在政策的执行过程中偏离了政策设定的目标是导致耕地保护政策不能完全发挥其作用的最重要的原因，最后就此提出了改变我国现行耕地保护政策的一些思路。

The results show that an internal and mutual transformation of land-use types cause striking changes in soil erosion extent. The transition of cultivated land to woodland and grassland medicates erosion intensity, and the one from forestland to cultivated land and grassland aggravates erosion. In addition, land-use practices, including mainly human activities, have impacts on the content of suspended sediment.

研究表明，本区土地利用类型的内部转化和相互转化引起土壤侵蚀程度的明显变化；耕地向林地、草地的转化使侵蚀强度指数显著降低；林地向耕地、草地转化，均显著增加侵蚀强度指数；耕地、林地、草地的内部转化对土壤侵蚀也有少量影响。

Results indicated that according to the different newly increased cultivated land rate, land consolidation projects on the district or county level could be divided into four categories: land consolidation, cland consolidation and exploitation, land development and consolidation, land development. While according to the investment per unit area on newly increased cultivated land, it could also be divided into four categories: high investment, reasonable investment, partial low investment and low investment. Correlating curve type among the investment per unit area in newly increased cultivated land, average annual growth rate of GDP and average annual growth rate of per capita GDP was a compound one. Correlations among newly increased cultivated land investment per unit area and annual growth rate of per capita GDP, annual growth rate of per capita GDP and other economic development indexes showed an "S" changing tendency curve.

结果表明：根据不同的新增耕地率，可把重庆市区县级投资土地整理项目划分为4个类型：整理型、整理开发型、开发整理型、开发型；按照新增耕地单位面积投资额的高低可划分为4个类型：高投资型、中等投资型、投资偏低型以及低投资型；实施规模单位面积投资额与GDP年均增长率、人均GDP年均增长率的耦合曲线类型为复合曲线；新增耕地单位面积投资额与GDP年均增长率、人均GDP年均增长率的耦合关系呈&S&型变化趋势。

The results are as follows: 1 great changes have taken place in land use and landscape pattern from 1995 to 2000; the area of woodland, water and unused land has been reduced and that of grassland, cropland and construction land increased; 2 the advance of fractal dimensions, the diversity index and landscape fragmentation degree showed that landscape units became strongly fragmented; 3 the dominant degree of construction and unused land has changed little but that of meadow and water increased, and that of farmland and woodland decreased to some extent, which indicated that the trend of landscape pattern changed from cropland and woodland to meadow and water; 4 the changes of land use and landscape patterns near the road are obvious and it is urgent to strengthen eco_environment protection.

主要结果如下：①1995-2000年间，研究区土地利用变化显著，其中林地、水域和未利用土地面积下降，而草地、耕地和建设用地面积增加；②景观破碎化程度加剧，分维数、多样性指数和景观破碎度均增加；③建设用地和未利用土地优势度变化不大，耕地和林地的优势度减小，草地和水域优势度增加，表明研究区景观格局由耕地、林地向草地和水域转变；④交通干线附近的土地利用和景观格局变化显著，加强这些区域的生态环境保护与建设势在必行。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。