耕地的

This article detailedly expatiated upon the principles, contents and methods of cropland classification; it analyzed the necessity to combine the work of cropland classification with GIS technology, summarized the attributions of ARC/INFOand some other related softwares; it established the technologic route of cropland classification supported by GIS, by a case study in Liwu Town,Li County Hebei Province, this article expatiated the practicable mechanism of combining the function of ARC/INFO with the work of cropland classification, and put forward some new ideas and approaches of utilizing GIS: this paper put forward the idea of coding the polygons in the basic graphic database such as soil map and land use map according to their attributes, and put forward the detailed coding project; based on the code databases, it expatiated upon the detailed approaches to create single梖actor map and output the final classification map; it put forward the principles and the method of creating classification units in the environment of GIS, that is how to keep the lines of soil polygon, the border of districts and the important objects such as residential areas, banks of rivers and roads ,and how to overlap single梖actor soil map and land use map, and to delete some vector lines of the overlapped map appropriately; it detailed the methods of creating mathematic model of classification coefficients in the environment of computer, and used FOXPRO6.0 programs to realize the automation of calculating coefficients; it represented the method of plotting the final map by overlapping various coverages according to the code tables and lookup tables, the process of outputting the cropland classifying map was finished by program.

本文法对耕地等别划分的原则、内容及方法作了较详细的阐述，介绍了多系数综合修正法的耕地等别计算方法及其具体应用和AHP的确权方法；分析了耕地等别划分工作与地理信息系统技术相结合的必要性，简要介绍了地理信息系统软件ARC／INFO及其他相关软件的功能特点，制定了地理信息系统支持下耕地等别划分的技术路线，通过对河北省蠡县蠡吾镇的实证研究，重点阐述了ARC／INFO及相关数据库软件与耕地等别划分结合的有效机制及GIS应用的一些新思想、新方法：提山了对土壤图和土地利用现状图等基础图形数据库进行特征编码的思想和具体的编码方案，阐述了基于与图形库相链接的特征编码表，单因素图提取、成果图的输出的具体实现方法；提出了GIS环境下耕地单元划分的原则和方法，即在保留土壤因素图斑界线、行政界线和重要地物等的原则下，将土壤单因素图和土地利用现状图进行拓扑叠加，对叠加图中的矢量线进行适当的删除；阐述了在计算机环境下，耕地分等参数计算模型建立的方法，并用FOXPRO6.0语言程序实现了参数计算的自动化；阐述了根据图形库特征编码表和建立绘图符号查找表，按不同图层叠加绘制成果图的方法，该过程用命令程序实现耕地等别图的输出。

Due to the differences in natural environment, cultivated land quality and multiple cropping index, there Were differences in cultivated land output. The acreage standard determination of cultivated land quality became one of the key links for regional compensation mechanism of cultivated land preservation.

由于各区域的自然环境、耕地质量以及复种指数的不同，不同区域耕地产出存在差异，耕地质量面积标准的确定成为耕地保护区域补偿机制运行的关键环节之一。

The result makes clear: 1 index of pressure of Chinese farmland zoology is older, be in ascendant trend, its are main the reason is our country farmland the area decreases in great quantities continuously and population increases;2 farmland pressure quickly to save time difference bigger, the farmland pressure of southeast and southwest is apparent prep above is mid with heighten of grade of index of pressure of zoology of farmland of municipality directly under the Central Government of upper zone;3 and southeast ministry area, upper, northwest and mid major area exponential grade is invariant, only mid with the decrescent of grade of index of a few district, but not apparent.

结果表明：1近11年的中国耕地生态压力指数比较大，并处于上升趋向，其主要原因是我国耕地面积持续大量的减少和人口快速的增加；2耕地压力省际差异比较大，东南和西南地区的耕地压力明显高于中部和北部地区；3直辖市和东南部地区耕地生态压力指数等级增高，北部、西北和中部的大部分地区指数等级无变化，仅中部和东北部的少数地区指数等级变小，但并不明显。

Recent studies indicate land fiscalization is one of the important reasons for land decrease.

研究结果表明：①土地财政与耕地数量之间存在相互反馈作用；②土地财政是导致我国耕地数量减少的重要原因，其影响的弹性系数为-0.01；③土地财政对耕地保护具有正反两方面作用：一方面，土地财政刺激地方政府形成城市扩张冲动，导致耕地数量减少；另一方面，土地财政带来土地开发整理增加耕地面积的大幅增加，降低耕地减少速度；④经济、人口和城镇化等社会经济因素也是导致我国耕地数量减少的重要原因。

Correlation analysis of area change and its constituent of farmland in Guangdong province indicated that the adjustment of agricultural structure and the use of unstatistic land were critical to the decrease in farmland. The former was used for fishpond and the later occupied 1/3 of the decreased area.

水土保持与荒漠化防治论文：采用统计方法，对广东省历年耕地及其构成进行相关分析，结果表明广东省耕地减少的原因主要是农业结构调整和其它未统计耕地减少；在近几年未统计耕地减少和结构调整中的改鱼塘占用分别约占耕地总减少量的1/3。

As a result, the contradiction between human and land is becoming more and more acute. Based on the systematic analysis of the total dynamic balance of cultivated land, this paper applies dynamic method to set up the SD model aims at assuaging land tension; protecting cultivated land and realizing sustainable land use.

本文在耕地总量动态平衡系统分析的基础上，运用系统动力学方法，以温州市为例，建立了耕地总量动态平衡模型，用模型模拟了该地区耕地总量动态平衡的目标，对缓解耕地人口压力、保护耕地和实现区域土地可持续利用进行了探讨。

The area of our cropland will decrease,and will harm the food security;The needed quantity of farming land by the year of 2020 is discussed in the article under the four fallow patterns :the seriously polluted faming land;the farming land with low output;the farming land of soil erosion and follow by crop rotation.

休耕会使耕地面积减少，对我国的粮食安全造成不利影响；文中阐述了在污染严重的耕地休耕、中低产田休耕、水土流失严重的耕地休耕以及采用轮作休耕4种不同模式下到2020年我国所需要的耕地保有量。

By analyzing the cultivated land data from different sources in different phases after 1949,the paper considers the statistics with more errors happens during 1960-1985.According to the systematic data on land use gathered in the 1996 survey,based on reverse deduction of the cultivated land area from 1986 to 1996,and deduction of the cultivated land area from 1960 to 1985 by stages by employing yield of grain,this paper redescribed the actual changing trend and character of Chinese cultivated land and analyzed the driving force of the policy relative to cultivated land to cultivated land area change.

针对该问题，论文对1949～2003年不同时期不同来源的耕地数据系列进行分析，认为统计数据存在问题较多的时期为1960～1985年，并采用粮食产量对耕地面积进行了分时期的反演，对于1986～1996年间的耕地数量则按照全国土地利用详查统一到1996年的结果再进行反推，由此重新刻画建国以来中国耕地资源数量变化的趋势和特征，并结合不同时段耕地相关政策对耕地数量变化的驱动作用进行分析。

By analyzing the cultivated land data from different sources in different phases after 1949,the paper considers the statistics with more errors happens during 1960-1985.According to the systematic data on land use gathered in the 1996 survey,based on reverse deduction of the cultivated land area from 1986 to 1996,and deduction of the cultivated land area from 1960 to 1985 by stages by employing yield of grain,this paper redescribed the actual changing trend and character of Chinese cultivated land and analyzed the driving force of the policy relative to cultivated land to cultivated land area change.

针对该难题，论文对1949～2003年不同时期不同来源的耕地数据系列进行分析，认为统计数据存在问题较多的时期为1960～1985年，并采用粮食产量对耕地面积进行le分时期的反演，对于1986～1996年间的耕地数量则按照全国土地利用详查统一到1996年的结果再进行反推，由此重新刻画建国以来中国耕地资源数量变化的趋势和特征，并结合不同时段耕地相关政策对耕地数量变化的驱动作用进行分析。

The land use pattern had changed by a relatively large margin in Neijiang city from 1997 to 2005. The main tendency of this change is that with remarkable reduction of cultivated land that decreased by 9936.11hm~2, unutilized land and water area, while garden land, forest land that increased by 7032.23 hm~2, grass land and building land increased notably. And during the research time, the speed of land use type change reduced from garden land, traffic land, forest land, residential areas and industrial and minings land, cultivated land, unutilized land to water area. The main trend of general dynamic degree changed from progressive increase to degression. From the analyses of land use diversion matrix, we know resulting in the quantity change of land use was that cultivated land being occupied by construction,adjustment in structure of agriculture and the implementation of the national reforesting formerly cultivated land policy in Neijiang city.

结果表明：1997～2005年间，土地利用类型发生较大幅度变化，总体上呈现耕地、未利用地、水域面积显著减小和园地、林地、牧草地、建设用地面积增大的趋势，其中耕地面积减幅最大，达9936.11hm~2，林地增幅最大，达7032.23 hm~2；土地利用类型变化速度依次为园地＞交通用地＞林地＞耕地＞居民点及工矿用地＞未利用地＞水域，其中园地为2.67％，水域为-0.01％，综合土地利用动态度呈现先递增后递减的趋势；从土地利用类型转移矩阵分析得出，建设用地占用耕地、农业结构内部调整、&退耕还林&是导致内江市土地利用类型数量变化的重要原因。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。