耐药的

Results Stable drug-resistant SW1990/GZ cell strain was established by culturing with gemcitabine for 9 months. The morphology and growth characteristics of the cell strain changed remarkably. The cells shrinked and became rounder; its endoplasm expanded; granular substances increased; and the doubling-time was prolonged. Resistance of the cell line to gemcitabine, fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin significantly increased. The TrxR activity of the drug-resistant cells was increased markedly.

结果 药物培养9个月后，得到稳定传代的SW1990/GZ耐药细胞株；其形态学、生长特征等均发生了明显变化，细胞变圆、体积缩小、内质网扩张、颗粒样物质增多及细胞倍增时间延长；对吉西他滨、5-氟尿嘧啶、阿霉素和丝裂霉素的耐药性均显著增加；耐药细胞的TrxR活性也明显增高。

To date, the mechanism of resistance to antibiotics, particularly β-Lactam class of antibiotic, is becoming exceedingly complex.

尤其对临床上使用较多的头孢菌素类、青霉素类等β-内酰胺类抗生素的耐药，已给人类健康造成巨大威胁，急需阐明其复杂的耐药机制。

The results showed that when the proportion of the resistant subpopulation within the h-VRSA was low, te level of the toxic factor and its pathogenicity to animals had no difference from that of the standard strain. If proportion of the resistant subpopulation increased the level of coagulase and lecithinase changing from positive from negative and the ring of hemolysis disappeared. The speed of proliferation of the organisms in the animal slowed down and the LD50 increased.

结果 当试验菌株中耐药亚群的比例较少时，其毒力因子及动物致病性检测结果与金葡菌标准菌株无显著差异；随着试验菌株中耐药亚群的比例增加，表现为血浆凝固酶、卵磷脂酶由阳性转为阴性，血琼脂平板上溶血环消失，细菌在动物体内增殖速度减慢，对动物的半数致死量(LD50)增加。

Results: The 1034 strains of 8 types of pathogenetic aeromonase are sensitive to most of antibiotic and the highest resistance rate of 91.9% is ampicillin. The second one of 77.9% is piperacitlin and terramycin and sulfona mides are also with the high resistance rate of 62.4% and 56.9%. 127 strains (12.3%) which can produce the Ampc enzyme was found and 45 strains (4.4%) was multiple-drug resistance.

结果：8种1034株致病性气单胞菌对大多抗生素敏感，耐药率最高的是氨苄西林抗生素，达91.9%，哌拉西林次之，为77.9%，土霉素和磺胺类也有较高的耐药率，分别为62.4%和56.9%；检出具有产AmpC酶能力的致病性气单胞菌127株，占12.3%，多重耐药性菌株45株，占4.4%。

Objective To understand distribution and resistant of gram positive cocci in hospital infection,and to direct clinical doctor use antibiotics with reason,and to prevent resistant strains outbreak and prevalence.

摘 要］目的：了解医院内感染的革兰阳性球菌的分布及耐药情况，指导临床医生合理应用抗生素，防止耐药菌株的爆发流行。

Methods Targeting the most common mutation types at codon 526 and codon 531 of Rifampiein Resistance Determining Region of rpoB gene from Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,labeled probes （526CAC, 526TAC, 531TCG and 531TTG） were designed to detect 38 Rifampin-resistant clinical isolates with known RRDR sequence, 24 Rifampin-sensitive clinical isolates with wild type sequence of RRDR and 5 nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates, then a method using real-time PCR was established.

方法针对结核分枝杆菌rpoB基因利福平耐药决定区（Rifampicin Resistance Determining Region，RRDR）526密码子和531密码子常见的突变形式设计探针（526CAC，526TAC，531TCG和531TTG），应用已知rpoB基因RRDR区序列的38株利福平耐药临床分离株和24株利福平敏感临床分离株以及5株非结核分枝杆菌菌株建立荧光定量PCR检测基因突变的方法。

The cell cycle and apoptosis and the expression of P-pg, bcl-2, P53 in the MG63 and MG63/R cell lines were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results The resistance index of the MG63/R cells to cisplatin was 83.557±4.841. The cells also had resistance to doxorubicin, vincristin, methotrexate and cyclophosphamide. Disordered structure of the MG63/R cells was observed through microscopy. The cells appeared in triangle, polygon and polynucleation. The increase of granular endoplasmic reticulums and apophyses was observed through transmission electron microscopy. The proliferation ability of MG63/R increased significantly, with a low apoptosis index.

结果 经顺铂186d的诱导，建立了MG63/R，其对顺铂的耐药指数为83.557±4.841，对阿霉素、长春新碱、氨甲基蝶吟、环磷酰氨亦产生不同程度的交叉耐药；光镜观察可见MG63/R细胞排列不规则，形态呈三角形、多角形及多核现象；透射电镜显示MG63/R细胞表面突起增加，粗面内质网丰富；细胞周期分析显示细胞增殖能力明显增加而细胞凋亡明显降低；MG63/R细胞 P-pg、bcl-2阳性表达较MG63细胞明显增加，P53表达则明显降低。

It is useful to understand the relationship between the structures and functions of the ABC transporters and drug resistance and the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients for individualizing treatment in patients.

了解ABC转运体的结构、功能以及与卵巢癌耐药和患者预后的关系，为卵巢癌患者的个体化治疗提供理论依据，这也成为目前研究卵巢癌耐药机制的热点。

The drugs which had relationto mdrl and MRP shoud be put aside and other resistance mechnisms shouldbe considered.9.The middle doses of radiation had not remarkable effects to the resistancegene expression of mdrl and MRP in the living cells and recured cells.

中等剂量放疗后对活细胞的耐药基因mdrl和MRP的表达影响较小，放疗后复发细胞的药物敏感性无改变，复发细胞加速生长，可能对异搏定等耐药逆转剂效果减低。lO。

The sensitivity rate of Polymyxin B、aminoglycoside antibiotics and ciprofloxacin are higher than other antibiotics.

探讨整合子携带的耐药基因盒是否介导铜绿假单胞菌对IPM的耐药。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。