耐药的

Results: The MBCs of ethanol, glutaraldehyde disinfectant, ShiKang disinfectant and quaternary ammonium disinfectant against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii were 45%, 10000 mg/L, 6.3~12.5 mg/L and 100 mg/L, and the MBCs were 40%, 5000 mg/L, 3.1~6.3 mg/L and 50 mg/L Conclusion: MBC and MIC could represent the sensitive dose of multidrug-resistant Acmetoborter baumannu to disinfectants, and eight strains of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii have certain resistance to some common disinfectants.

结果：乙醇、戊二醛消毒液、施康消毒液、季铵盐消毒剂对多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的MBC值分别为45%、10000 mg/L、6.3~12.5 mg/L、100 mg/L；MIC值分别为40%、5000 mg/L、3.1~6.3 mg/L、50 mg/L、50 mg/L。结论：MBC值和MIC值能基本反应多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌对消毒剂的敏感剂量，8株多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌对部分消毒剂产生一定程度的耐药性。

Human activity plays an important role in the distribution of drug-resistance bacteria in air. So it is necessary to investigate changing tendency of proportion of every antibiotics and reclassify the three category drugs to control increase of drug-resistance bacteria.

人类活动对空气中耐药菌的分布有明显影响，因此有必要每年调查各种抗生素耐药菌比例的变迁趋势，并籍此重新划分三线药物，以控制耐药菌增长。

These data showed that in our country, the phenomenon of multi-drug resistance of Salmonella is very serious.

耐药谱的分析结果显示，100株分离株的多重耐药主要集中在2耐到5耐和13耐，占78.13%。

Firstly,we isolated clinically and induced artificially multi-resistant Escherichia coli,detected antibacterials intake by different resistant level strains with CCCP and fluorescence spectro method and ascerained existing active efflux system in this strains; Secondly, construced internal standard of quantitive RT-PCR and detected AcrAB mRNA level of different resistant E.coli with quantitive RT-PCR; Thirdly, prepared AcrA antibody and detected AcrAB protein level of different resistant E.coli; eventually,designed and constructed Taqman probe of AcrAB and detected AcrAB level of different resistant E.coli with fluorescence quantitive PCR.

临床分离及人工诱导大肠杆菌多重耐药株，氰氯苯腙结合荧光分光法检测不同耐药水平菌株对抗菌药物的摄入，确证主动外排系统的存在；构建了定量RT-PCR的内标准DNA，通过定量RT-PCR检测动物源性大肠杆菌AcrAB mRNA的水平；制备AcrA抗体，采用Western-Blotting检测不同耐药株AcrAB蛋白的表达水平；设计和构建AcrA、AcrB的Taqman探针，检测不同耐药菌株AcrAB的水平。

Establishment of drug resistant cell line in vitro remains the main way for investigation in the mechanisms of chemoresistance.

体外建立耐药细胞系仍是目前研究耐药机制的主要方法，但关于鼻咽癌耐药细胞系的研究并不多。

Results totally 287 strains were isolated from the 256 positive samples , and the gram-negative bacilli were 225(78.4%,), the gram-positive coccus were 41(14.3%), snd the monilia were 21(7.3%).the distributions of clinical bacteria were respiratory tract(63.4%),urinaryract(7.0%),secretion(includingwound .3%),blood(5.9%),stool(5.2%), pucture fluid(4.9%), and other sites(7.3%). of all isolating bacterium,from the first to the fifth were ps.aeruginosa(19.5%),k.pneumoniae(16.7%), e.coli(14.3%), a.baumannii(11.8%) and psemal (10.1%).resistant rates of methecillin-resistant s.aureus,methecillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and vancomycin-resistantwere 88.2%、70.0% and 11.1% respectively;the incidence of e.coli and k.penumoniae produce extended speutrum beta-lactamase were 68.6%和65.2%, 44.6% of ps.aeruginosa isolates were resistant to imipenem; the highest examining rate of 21 kinds of monilia was candida albicans (66.7％),resistant rate of candida albicans to fluconazole and amphotricin b was 51.3％ and 1.3%.

结果 在254份检出细菌阳性标本中共培养出287株细菌，其中革兰阴性杆菌225株（78.4％），革兰阳性球菌41株（14.3%），念珠菌21株（7.3%），检出菌来自呼吸道标本占63.4%，其他标本各占5%左右；细菌检出占构成比前三位的依次为铜绿假单胞菌19.5%、肺炎克雷伯菌16.7%、大肠埃希菌14.3%；耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和耐万古霉素的肠球菌的发生率分别为88.2%、70.0%和11.1%；大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的超广谱β-内酰胺酶的检出率分别为68.6%和65.2%，铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率为40.2%；白色念珠菌对氟康唑的耐药率为81.3％，对两性霉素的耐药率为3.2%。

The pathogenic bacterium of prepartum and intrapartum infectious pneumonia mostly were G- bacilli,the pathogenic bacterium of postpartum infectious pneumonia mostly were G- bacilli and staphylococcus aureus.6.The drug resistant rates of G- bacteria to penicillins,cephalosporins,and monocyclicβ-lactam antibiotic were high,However,their compound of addingβ-lactamase inhibitor agents was relatively low resistance,and all G- bacteria were sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics.

产前及产时感染性肺炎的病原菌以G-杆菌多见，而产后感染性肺炎的病原菌主要为G-杆菌和金葡菌。6.G-菌对青霉素类、头孢菌素类及单环类的β内酰胺类抗生素耐药率高，但对其添加β内酰胺酶抑制剂的复合制剂耐药率较低，对碳青霉烯类抗生素均敏感；金葡菌对苯唑西林耐药率低，对万古霉素均敏感。7。

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression of P-glycoprotein and the breast cancer resistance protein gene in acute myeloblastic leukemia.

目的：研究多药耐药蛋白和乳腺癌耐药蛋白基因在急性髓系白血病中的表达以及它们与临床耐药之间的关系。

Results: Among 327 gram-negative bacillus isolated from patients in ICU, the nonfermentative bacteria covered 65.41%(214/327), pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and ancinetobacter baumanni were the main nonfermentative bactria, the resistance rate of pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and ancinetobacter baumanni to imipenem were over 31%, and the isolated bacteria showed serious multidrug-resistance.

结果：共分离到的革兰阴性杆菌327株，其中非发酵菌214株，占65.41%(214/327)；非发酵菌以铜绿假单胞菌、嗜麦芽黄单胞菌、鲍曼溶血不动杆菌为主，对常用抗菌药物表现为严重耐药和多重耐药，对亚胺培南的耐药率达到31.0%以上。

The mtrD expression had no significant change in highlevel multiple resistant group or intermediated resistant group. Conclusion The mtrF expression is higher in highlevel multiple resistant group than in other two groups, and mtrF gene may play an important role in mediating highlevel multiple resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

mtrF基因在高水平多重耐药组中表达均高于敏感组和低中等水平多重耐药组，表明其在介导淋球菌产生高水平多重耐药过程中可能发挥着十分重要的作用。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。