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Drug sensitive test and three-dimensional test220 strains of Pa were isolated from hospitalized patients between 2003 and 2007. K-B method was used to tested the susceptibility of 10 different antibiotics. IRPa was screened by testing the minimal inhibitory concentration of imipemem by using agar diluiion method.The susceptibility of these IRPa to the antibiotics was analysised. Three-dimensional test was used to identify the different kinds of beta lactamases from 220 strains of Pa.2.Carbarpenems hydrolytic enzyme genes and oprD2 gene were detectedamong the selected IRPa strains, PCR method was performed to detect carbapenemase genes which included GES、KPC、SPM、VIM、IMP、GIM gene and the oprD2 gene;Multiplex PCR were used to detect OXA genes and plasmid-mediated AmpC beta lactamase genes; The expression of the chromosomal AmpC beta lactamases and oprD2 genes in IRPa strains were analyzed by Real-time PCR.3.Identification and characterization of integronsIntegrase gene was detected by PCR, and the classification of integrons was performed by using restriction fragment length polymorphism.PCR was performed to detect the qacE△1-sull gene,and the gene cassetes which are located at variable region of integrons in the strains were detected to be positive.

方法1、药敏实验和三维实验收集2003～2007年临床分离的220株Pa，对这些菌株采用K-B法测定10种临床常用抗生素的药敏情况，同时采用琼脂稀释法检测亚胺培南的最低抑菌浓度(Minimal inhibitory concentration，MIC)，筛选出对亚胺培南耐药的铜绿假单胞菌，并分析其对其它抗生素的药物敏感率；采用三维实验的方法分析220株Pa产β内酰胺酶的类型。2、碳青霉烯类水解酶和oprD2蛋白的检测针对鉴定的IRPa菌株，采用普通PCR方法检测具有碳青霉烯水解作用的β内酰胺酶耐药基因(GES、KPC、SPM、VIM、IMP、GIM基因)和oprD2基因，采用多重PCR的方法检测OXA型基因和质粒携带的AmpC酶基因，用荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测oprD2蛋白基因表达情况；同时对产AmpC酶的Pa(25株，含IMP耐药和敏感株)用RT-PCR方法检测AmpC酶基因的表达量情况。3。

Low concentration of NaCl solution could promote the growth on the shoot of seed germination. The growing length of roots and shoots of two halophytes treated by 100 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl reached the highest and the growing condition on shoots was best. Then some physiological and biochemical parameters including the content of Na~+, K~+, Ca~(2+), proline and plant leaf tissue water potential, the assays of membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes were determined with the two halophytic plants on salinity.

研究工作首先对盐爪爪和盐穗木在种子萌发阶段的耐盐性进行了比较研究，表明盐爪爪和盐穗木都是很耐盐的盐生植物，在种子萌发期，盐穗木比盐爪爪更耐盐；NaCl和等渗的聚乙二醇对种子的萌发都产生抑制作用，且PEG的抑制程度大于等渗的NaCl。

NaCl and iso-osmotic PEG had inhibitory effect on the germination of two halophytic seeds, and the inhibitory level of PEG was greater than that of iso-osmotic NaCl. Inhibitory effects of NaCl and water stress mainly showed lowering the seed germination rate, delaying initial time of seed germination and extending the time of seed germination.

本研究从生理和分子角度对其耐盐性进行了初步的探讨，开展这两种盐生植物耐盐相关基因的克隆及盐爪爪液泡膜上多个耐盐相关基因的遗传工程，为作物和林木的遗传改良奠定坚实的理论和实验基础。

The detection rates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae were 15.9% and 84.3%, respectively. The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Serratia spp and Enterobacter cloacae were 31.2%, 46.2%, 94.8% and 16.8% respectively. The resistance rates of Hemophilus influenzae and Hemophilus parainfluenzae to ampicilin were 40% and 36% respectively.

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为15.9%；对青霉素不敏感的肺炎链球菌（包括PISP和PRSP）检出率为84.3%；肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、粘质沙雷菌和阴沟肠杆菌产ESBLs的检出率分别为31.2%、46.2%、94.8%和16.8%；流感嗜血杆菌和副流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林的耐药率为36%和40%；铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼复合不动杆菌对亚胺培南的耐药率分别为10.7%和13.2%。

Fixation of direct dyes with silica gel ;2. Taking advantage of proof salt and high hydrophilic property of the silica gel and the carboxymethyl cellulose inarch polysalt of the super water-absorbent resin recombination,this paper made use of the water-absorbent composite form the inorganic polymer, sequentially advanced water-absorbent velocity and capacity of polymer water-absorbent resin in the brine.

利用具有良好耐盐和高亲水性能的硅凝胶与羧甲基纤维素接枝聚丙烯酸盐的高吸水树脂进行复合，制备出无机高分子的硅凝胶-羧甲基纤维素接枝聚丙烯酸盐耐盐高吸水复合材料，从而提高了高分子吸水树脂在盐水中的吸收能力及吸收速度，研究了复合材料的吸盐水性能，通过扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料表面的微观结构，初步探讨了硅凝胶-羧甲基纤维素接枝聚丙烯酸盐耐盐高吸水复合材料的吸盐水机理。

Under normal temp., PVF2 has a fine corrosion resistance to many organic solvents like halogen, halogenated hydrocarbon, strong oxidant, boiling acid and alkali; UHMWPE has a fine corrosion resistance to inoxidable acid (dilute sulfuric acid, nitric acid and large concen-tration hydrochloric acid, phosphorus acid, hydrofluoric acid, formic acid and acetic acid), ammonia, amine and various alkali and salty solutions. Both materials can't resist the corrosion of strong oxidable acid.

在常温下，PVF2对卤素、卤代烃、强氧化剂、沸酸、碱等多种有机溶剂都有良好耐蚀性；UHMWPE对非氧化性酸(稀硫酸、硝酸及浓度较大的盐酸、磷酸、氢氟酸、甲酸、乙酸)、氨和胺及各种碱、盐溶液都有良好的耐蚀性，两种材料都不耐强氧化性酸的腐蚀。

Under normal temp., PVF2 has a fine corrosion resistance to many organic solvents like halogen, halogenated hydrocarbon, strong oxidant, boiling acid and alkali UHMWPE has a fine corrosion resistance to inoxidable acid (dilute sulfuric acid, nitric acid and large concen-tration hydrochloric acid, phosphorus acid, hydrofluoric acid, formic acid and acetic acid), ammonia, amine and various alkali and salty solutions. Both materials cant resist the corrosion of strong oxidable acid.

在常温下，PVF2对卤素、卤代烃、强氧化剂、沸酸、碱等多种有机溶剂都有良好耐蚀性；UHMWPE对非氧化性酸(稀硫酸、硝酸及浓度较大的盐酸、磷酸、氢氟酸、甲酸、乙酸)、氨和胺及各种碱、盐溶液都有良好的耐蚀性，两种材料都不耐强氧化性酸的腐蚀。

Under normal temp., PVF2 has a fine corrosion resistance to many organic solvents like halogen, halogenated hydrocarbon, strong oxidant, boiling acidalkali; UHMWPE has a fine corrosion resistance to inoxidable acid (dilute sulfuric acid, nitric acidlarge concen-tration hydrochloric acid, phosphorus acid, hydrofluoric acid, formic acidacetic acid), ammonia, aminevarious alkalisalty solutions. Both materials can't resist the corrosion of strong oxidable acid.

在常温下，PVF2对卤素、卤代烃、强氧化剂、沸酸、碱等多种有机溶剂都有良好耐蚀性；UHMWPE对非氧化性酸(稀硫酸、硝酸及浓度较大的盐酸、磷酸、氢氟酸、甲酸、乙酸)、氨和胺及各种碱、盐溶液都有良好的耐蚀性，两种材料都不耐强氧化性酸的腐蚀。

Our work is to screen alkali-tolerance deficient mutants from a T-DNA insertional library of C.

本论文主要目的在于获得耐碱缺陷型盾壳霉，从中克隆耐碱相关的基因，为培育耐碱作物积累基因材料。

It showed that drug-resistant genes are important mechanism in which MRSA showed drug resistance of macrocyclic lactones antibacterials;The Panton-Valentine Leukocidin gene in Multiple drug-resistance MRSA were higher than.

多重耐药的MRSA中红霉素耐药基因ermA/B/C检出率较高，是MRSA对大环内酯类抗生素耐药的主要机制；杀白细胞毒素基因PVL检出率较高，是MRSA的重要致病因子。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。