考察

Sediment core samples were collected from the continental shelf of the Chukchi Sea in July 1999 and rare earth elements were measured by instrumental neurton activation analysis.

于 1 999年夏季我国首次北极科学考察期间在楚科奇海采集了三个沉积物岩芯，并采用中子活化法测定了沉积物样品中稀土元素的含量。

The effects of adding cider on the content of esters of Fen-Flavor liquor were studied in this paper.

通过考察苹果汁的不同添加方式和添加量研究其对清香型白酒酯含量的影响。

AIM: To synthesize 2 novel chiral ligands derived from cinchona alkaloids and study their catalytic performance in asymmetric dihydroxylation of 5 olefins.

目的：合成两种新的金鸡纳生物碱类衍生物配体并将其用于催化五种烯烃的不对称二羟化反应，考察催化效果。

Here we applied many types of cinchona alkaloid derivatives and otherβ-aminoalchohol compounds in IFB reactions and investigated the effects of solvent, temperature and catalyst amount on the enantioselectivities in order to find the proper catalyst and optimize reaction condition.

本文考察了多种金鸡纳生物碱衍生物及其它一些β-氨基醇类化合物在IFB反应中的应用，并研究了催化剂的结构、溶剂效应、温度、催化剂用量及反应底物类型对立体选择性的影响，以筛选适合的催化剂和优化反应条件。

The Pt/FDU-14 catalysts can be effectively applied in the asymmetric hydrogenation of ethyl pyruvate after chirally modified with cinchonidine.

考察了经过手性分子辛可尼定修饰后的Pt/FDU-14催化剂在丙酮酸乙酯不对称氢化反应中的催化性能。

It is demonstrated that the chiral quaternary ammonium salts catalysts exhibit promising catalytic properties for the substrate. Part III: The synthesis and the characterizing of the macroporous aminomethyl resin-supported cinchona alkaloid complexes and the study on its catalytic properties The part consists of two subsections. the macroporous aminomethyl resin -supported cinchona alkaloid complexes were synthesized by the stuff (cinchonine, quinine and macroporous aminomethyl resin). Their structures were characterized by means of elemental analysis, XPS, TG/DTA; the chiral polymer-supported complexes were first used as catalysts for the reduction of ketones. Their catalytic properties for the reduction processes were investigated. The comparison of the products e.e., the conversion of the substrate among different reduction processes was employed with determined by HPLC. The effects of the time, the temperature, the ratio of catalyst to substrate, reaction solvent as well as the recycle times were also discussed.

第三章聚-4-氨甲基苯乙烯负载金鸡纳碱金属络合物的合成与表征及其不对称催化性能研究本章分为两节，以辛可宁和奎宁及聚-4-氨甲基苯乙烯为原料，合成了4种聚-4-氨甲基苯乙烯负载金鸡纳碱络合物催化剂，并对它们的结构用元素分析、X-射线光电子能谱、TG/DTA等几种测试手段进行了表征；首次将所合成的手性高分子负载的金属络合物用于催化芳香酮不对称还原反应，详细研究了所得的手性高分子负载的金属络合物对不同底物的催化性能，用HPLC等分析手段定量检测了还原过程的底物转化率及其产物对映异构体选择性，并考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂和底物投料比、反应溶剂和循环次数对催化性能的影响。

The method of catalytic synthesis of benzyl cinnamate with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride as phase transfer catalyst is studied.

以十六烷基三甲基氯化铵为相转移催化剂催化合成肉桂酸苄酯，考察了催化剂、温度、时间和物料配比等因素对反应的影响。

Methods: The effects of the ratio of reactants, the amount of the catalyst used, the reaction time and the amount of an water-taking agent on synthesizing isoamyl cinnamate were investigated to obtain a suitable condition for synthesizing the ester.

考察了醇酸比、反应时间、带水剂用量等因素对合成肉桂酸异戊酯的影响，得到合成该酯的较适宜条件。结果：最佳反应条件为n：n=5：1，催化剂用量为肉桂酸用量的20%，反应时间2h，反应温度110～118℃，酯收率可达76.6%。

The investigation of the catalytic activity and stereoselectivity of ligand 10 was also carried out under another standard set of K〓Fe 〓 conditions (〓/ligand/substrate=0.002: 0.01: 1). The AD reaction of seven olefins gave corresponding diols in 72～99% yield (except for ethyl cinnamate, 48%) and 91～99% ees, which was comparable to those obtained from the reactions using the commercial ligand 〓PHAL.

将单季铵盐手性配体10用于AD反应的另一个催化体系〓BuOH-H〓O/K〓Fe〓中考察其催化活性和立体选择性，在七种烯烃的AD反应中，〓、配体与底物的摩尔比为0.002：0.01：1时，化学产率为72～99％（肉桂酸乙酯除外，为48％），ee值为91～99.9％，与商品配体〓PHAL的催化结果相当。

Also it points out that, the paper industry sustainable development realizes the Chinese environment economy sustainable development significant influence, and has been clear about the solution paper industry environment question essential outlet in this foundation;2It systematically inspects the China paper industry sustainable development course, the paper industry sustainable development domain, the mainstream forest pulp and paper integration pattern and the practical significant reed pulp paper integration pattern domains and so on, as well as the paper industry circular economy domain research condition has carried on the system narration;3The paper industry circular economy system is an "economical - resources -environment - society "multiplexed system.

同时指出，造纸工业的可持续发展对实现中国环境经济可持续发展的重大影响，并在此基础上明确了解决造纸工业环境问题的基本出路；2系统地考察了中国造纸工业的可持续发展历程，对造纸工业可持续发展领域，主流的林浆纸一体化模式和具有现实意义的苇浆纸一体化模式等领域，以及造纸工业循环经济领域的研究状况进行了系统的评述与总结；3造纸工业循环经济系统(Paper Industry Circular Economy System，简称PICES)是一个经济—资源—环境—社会复合系统，其各子系统之间及各要素之间的相互作用机理复杂，是一个复杂的巨系统。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。