翘曲

In this work, an approximate optimization method based on the Kriging model was proposed to do warpage optimization.

注塑制品的翘曲变形是一种严重的缺陷；本文提出一个最小化制品翘曲变形的近似优化方法。

In the second chapter, elementary theories and ideas of one step forming inverse approach were described and warped modification method, implemented by Cook, was introduced into one step forming simulation and based on idea of surface spreading; new quadrilateral element modification arithmetic was put forward. By spreading warped quadrilateral onto plane in local coordinate system, a plane quadrilateral element whose shape and area were equal to original warped quadrilateral element was gotten and internal force vectors of four nodes and stiffness matrix of elements were improved to increase precision of simulations on this plane element.

第二章从一步成形逆有限元法的基本理论和思想出发，将Cook基于弹性理论的四边形单元的翘曲修正算法引入基于塑性的一步成形，并且基于曲面展开的思想，本文提出一种新的四节点单元翘曲修正方案，通过把翘曲的单元展开的方法在局部参考系中得到一个与实际翘曲单元的形状与面积非常接近的平面单元，在该平面单元中进行单元刚度及内力向量的计算，进一步改善模拟结果的精度。

In order to discuss the rationality of various warping displacement modes, second-degree parabola, cubic parabola, fourth-degree parabola and cosine function are selected respectively. It has been demonstrated that these displacement modes have limitation to some extent, and a more reasonable mode needs to be developed.

为了探讨各种剪滞翘曲位移模式的合理性，分别选取二次抛物线、三次抛物线、四次抛物线及余弦函数等翘曲位移模式进行计算；结果表明，这些翘曲位移模式在一定程度上均存在不足，目前还缺乏一种更加合理的位移模式。

It belongs the kind of complex bridges because its liner changes usually and the weight condition is also complex, except bear moment and shearing force, there are larger torsion and doubled moment, as a result, crankle、warping and aberration would happen.

这种异形桥梁结构是受力很复杂的一种桥型，其线性变化多端，结构受力复杂，除承受弯距、剪力外，还有较大扭矩和翘曲双力矩的作用，即使外荷载的作用通过梁的剪切中心，也将发生弯扭组合变形，同时伴随有截面的翘曲和畸变。

The number of the extreme point can be efficiently extracted by use of the method and the number of the dark fringe can be obtained.Then the measurement of the chip warpage can be achieved.

由灰度曲线的极小值点个数得到暗条纹级数，从而获取芯片相对于基准面的翘曲程度，完成芯片的翘曲度测量。

In this paper, based on the vector analysis and the warping torsion theory of curved thin-walled girders, a set of governing differential equations for the non-uniform torsion of thinwalled spatial helicoid girders is developed.

本文应用矢量运算及薄壁曲线梁翘曲扭转理论，建立了空间螺旋形的薄壁曲线梁基本微分方程，用初参数法解出翘曲扭转微分方程，为进一步进行薄壁螺旋曲线梁的空间结构分析提供理论基础。

At present the researches on warpage mainly concentrate on warpage theory and adjusting of injection process parameters.

目前对于翘曲变形的研究主要集中在对翘曲变形的形成理论研究和对注塑工艺参数的优化控制上。

The ratio and the magnitude of warpage depend on the compound properties.

封装的翘曲率及翘曲幅度依赖于模塑料的特性。

The cause of warpage was analyzed and measures for improving the quality of the injection product were put forward.

对影响超长塑件翘曲变形的因素（如模具温度、熔体温度、注射速率、保压压力等）进行分析，提出翘曲产生的原因及相应的改进措施。

This embodiment will illustrate that the present invention of the (poly trimethylene terephthalate) PTT laminated film performs better than its PET counterpart in terms of vapor impermeability, flexibility and warpage; its vapor impermeability is about equal to a TPT back sheet, while flexibility and warpage are better than TPT back sheet.

本实施例说明本发明聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯薄膜复合成的叠层膜的抗水汽渗透性、挠性和翘曲度优于多层聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜复合形成的叠层膜，抗水汽渗透性与TPT背板基本相当，挠性和翘曲度优于TPT背板。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。