翅

Fruit indehiscent, schizocarpic, didymous, angustiseptate silicles, sessile or shortly stipitate; valves oblong, obovate, or orbicular, 1-seeded, leathery, smooth, broadly winged, keeled, glabrous; replum rounded; septum complete, thickened, opaque, veinless; style obsolete, rarely to 0.5 mm; stigma capitate, entire.

不裂的果，schizocarpic，成双，果实狭隔短角果，无梗或具短柄；裂爿长圆形，倒卵形，或圆形，1种子，革质，平滑，具宽翅，龙骨状，无毛；假隔膜绕行；隔膜完全，加厚，不透明，无脉；花柱淘汰，很少对0.5毫米；柱头头状，全缘。

The research aimed to study the molecular phylogeny to the species of Anisoptera (Insecta: Odonata) based on CO Ⅱ complete genes.

［目的］对基于CO Ⅱ全基因的差翅亚目昆虫的分子系统学进行研究。

Non-special primers were designed on the CO Ⅱ genes of Odonata. CO Ⅱ complete genes of 6 genera, including 8 species of 5 families in Anisoptera, had been sequenced and analyzed.

方法］设计蜻蜓目昆虫CO Ⅱ全基因的非特异性引物，获得差翅亚目5科6属8种共8条CO Ⅱ全序列。

The large-scale soil animal sorts were gathered by hand, while the medium and the small soil animals were separated by the funnel law and the funnel law, totally 314 soil animals were caught, which subordinated separately in the mollusk gate ,the annulate gate and 3 phyla 4 class 12 order results showed that the ball tail phyla and the hymenoptera prospect, tubing up 57.54% of the total phyla ,are the dominant class groups and main part of soil animals in this area; The hymenoptera ant class, the coleoptera larva, the arachnids, man kind of, the gastropoda is the common class group the hymenoptera are the common class groups .these result indicate that the community multiple of soil animal's degreases progressively basically among different soil strata sing soil depth and has an obvious aggregation .

结果表明：弹尾目和鞘翅目成虫为优势类群，占全捕量的57.54%，是该区土壤动物的主体。膜翅目蚁类、鞘翅目幼虫、蜘蛛类、螨类、腹足类等为常见类群。上述结果显示土壤动物群落的多样性在不同土层中基本上是随土层深度的增加而递减，并且表聚性明显。关键词：枣园；土壤动物；群落多样性；陕西榆林

Only the antennal length and wing length indicated two distinct populations when subjected to co-efficient of difierenee(CD》1.28),while other characters indicated one population.

差异系数分析结果表明，仅触角长度和翅长显示此复合体为两个不同的种群(CD》1.28)，而其他特征值表明为同一种群。

The application of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences in the molecular phylogenetics of Aphididae is summarized, with a special focus on the scientific problems which they can resolve.

总结了核基因和线粒体基因在半翅目蚜虫分子系统发育研究中的应用。

Cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (GlovcrXHemiptera:Aphididae) is one of the most important pests to various plants,and also an efficient vector of several plant viruses.

棉蚜属同翅目蚜科蚜属，世界各地均有分布，属古北、东洋、澳洲、非洲、新北、新热带6大区系共有种。

The structures of the ""lungs"" have an evolution trend from lower to higher through Lepidoptera to Hymenoptera. 5. If the function of the ""lungs"" is extended into to ""aerating trachea"", the larvae of Apidae, Muscidae and nymphs of Coleoptera, Hemiptera also may have the function of the ""lungs"". Our researches are supplement and support to Locke's researches and an important progress in insect physiology.

由以上研究结果可得出以下结论：⑴鳞翅目幼虫第8节及臀腔的气管具有&肺&特点及功能；⑵鳞翅目、膜翅目叶蜂科&肺&具有普遍性及进化过程；⑶&肺&功能如进一步扩展，在其它各目中也应存在；昆虫纲&肺&结构和功能的研究是对Locke研究的大力支持和补充，是昆虫基础生理方面的一个新突破和重要进展。

The structures of the "lungs" have an evolution trend from lower to higher through Lepidoptera to Hymenoptera.5. If the function of the "lungs" is extended into to "aerating trachea", the larvae of Apidae, Muscidae and nymphs of Coleoptera, Hemiptera also may have the function of the "lungs".Our researches are supplement and support to Lockes researches and an important progress in insect physiology.

由以上研究结果可得出以下结论：⑴鳞翅目幼虫第8节及臀腔的气管具有&肺&特点及功能；⑵鳞翅目、膜翅目叶蜂科&肺&具有普遍性及进化过程；⑶&肺&功能如进一步扩展，在其它各目中也应存在；昆虫纲&肺&结构和功能的研究是对Locke研究的大力支持和补充，是昆虫基础生理方面的一个新突破和重要进展。

Insect s in Taiwan—Hymenoptera :Apocrita : Formicidae.

周■镒，寺山守， 1991 。台湾昆虫名录———膜翅目：蚁科〔J〕。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。