翅

The members of the same genus and family were grouped together. The polyogenetic relationships of 8 families were Pyrgomorphidae →Chrotogonidae→Pamphagidae→Oedipodidae→Acrididae→Arcypteridae→Gomphoceridae→Cantantopidae.Pygomorphidae had closer relationships with Chrotogonidae as well as being the most ancestral group. Arcypteridae and Gomphoceridae were the sister groups and had closer relationships with most evolutionary Catantopidae. Tridactylidae was divided firstly as a suborder,which differs from the recent taxonomy distinctly. Haglidae and Gryllidae were grouped into suborder Ensifera, Tetrigidae and 8 families of Acridoidea were grouped into suborder Caelifera, as same as recent taxonomy.

分子系统树表明：科内的属和属内的种均优先聚在一起；蝗总科8科的起源关系为：锥头蝗科→瘤锥蝗科→癞蝗科→斑翅蝗科→剑角蝗科→网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科→斑腿蝗科；锥头蝗科与瘤锥蝗科关系较近，是蝗总科内最原始的类群；槌角蝗科和网翅蝗科互为姐妹群，与最进化的斑腿蝗科关系较近；蚤蝼科为独立的一支，最先分出，似为一个亚目，与现用的分类系统有明显差别；哈螽科和蟋蟀科聚在一起为剑瓣亚目，蚱科和蝗总科的8科组成短瓣亚目，同现用的分类系统。

The order Odonata could be further subdivided into three suborders: around 2,500 species of Anisoptera, 2,500 species of Zygoptera and only 2 species of Anisozygoptera diverse damselflies

地球上现存的蜻蛉共约5，000种，分属於3亚目，其中俗称蜻蜓的不均翅亚目约有2，500种，俗称豆娘的均翅亚目约有2，500种，而称为蟌蜓的间翅亚目仅有2种

The cross section of the mesothoracic dorsal longitudinal muscle in macropterous adult was 29 times of that in brachypterous adult, while the cross section of the mesothoracic dorsal longitudinal muscle in the brachypterous was only doublled from the critical period to audlt.

长翅型成虫背纵肌的横切面面积大约是短翅型的29倍，而短翅型成虫的背纵肌横切面积仅为4龄第16小时时若虫的2倍左右。

TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS MIMOTETTIX FROM CHINA HEMIPTERA, CICADELLIDAE, EUSCELINAE

薄如轻纱的蝇翅。2。中国斑翅叶蝉属二新种记述半翅目，叶蝉科，殃叶蝉亚科

The results of the study on the occurrence, distrbution and natural control effect of fourteen parasitic wasps parasitized on two scales in Zhejiang citrus planting areas are presented. The results indicated that Microterys flovus How., M. ceroplastae Prirtsloo, M.sp and Metaphycus pulvinariae How. of Encyrtidae and Coccophagus iycimnia of Aphelindae are predominant, the rate of parasitism is 80-100%. If any one of the above mentioned five species of parasitic wasp is occurred in the orchard, the damage caursed by those two scales could be controlled.

本文对浙江桔区这两类蚧虫的14种寄生蜂的发生、分布及其天然制约作用进行了深入研究，以跳小蜂科的软蚧花翅跳小蜂、蜡蚧花翅跳小蜂、黑褐花翅跳小蜂、软蚧阔柄跳小蜂和蚜小蜂科的赖食软蚧蚜小蜂为优势种，寄生率高达80%～100%，在桔园只要有上述5种中任何一种寄生蜂存在，足以控制两类蚧虫为害。

Length 9mm, exhibition wing 20mm; body was pale green; first sudden cone, into the front, so called as Fulgoroidea; wings transparent, wings light brown mole.

体长9mm，翅展20mm；身体呈淡绿色；头突锥状，伸向前方，故称之为象蜡蝉；翅透明，翅痣淡褐色。

The studies on the nymphs or larvae of 18 species belonging to Orthoptera, Mandotea, Homoptera, Hemiptera, Coleptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera indicate that the larvae of Argridae have the function of ""lungs"", but the nymphs or larvae of other orders may not have ""lungs"".

如果&肺&功能扩大到换气性气管，那么，膜翅目中的蜜蜂科、双翅目中的蝇科幼虫及半翅目、鞘翅目等中存在换气性气管部分，也应具有&肺&功能。

In addition,the effects of louver angle and the exchange zone length on the pressure drop and the heat transfer coefficient are studied for louvered fin optimization design.The results show that the louvered angle has distinct effect on th...

在深入揭示百叶窗翅片流动机理的基础上，进一步比较了百叶窗翅片开窗角度La和换向区长度S对其传热和流动阻力的影响，分析结果为百叶窗翅片的模具制作及其优化设计提供了依据。

In previous researches, the numerical simulations were mainly focused on the convective heat transfer in the fluid zone of the louvered fin geometry. Virtually, the heat conduction in the fins and the convective heat transfer of air are coupled each other.

国外有学者对百叶窗翅片内的流场和温度场进行了数值模拟，事实上，在百叶窗翅片上的传热过程中，翅片的导热和空气的对流换热是相互耦合的，而这在以前的研究中忽略了。

In order to study the geometry effect on the performance of the louvered fin heat exchanger, a two dimensional numerical model is established for air side heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics for a type of louvered fin surface and the related numerical simulation is conducted.

heat transfer and flow characteristics ； numerical simulation ；为研究百叶窗翅片几何结构对换热器性能的影响，采用二维计算模型，对空气流经一种类型的百叶窗翅片的传热和流动特性进行了数值模拟，获得了百叶窗翅片的温度场、速度场和流线图。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。