翅

For more investigation on the linkage-structure of elytra, the opening-closing process of elytra is recorded. Besides, the strength of linkage between the elytra was measured, and Protaetia brevitarsis has the strongest coupling force. At last, the elytra linkage-structure model was analysed by simulating its movement and analyzing its structure using Pro/Engineer, it is proved that the structure is especial and efficient.

本文为了更好地研究此鞘翅间联接锁定机构，对甲虫鞘翅的瞬间开合过程进行了拍摄；还对此机构的联接强度进行了测定，发现甲虫鞘翅间联接力都要远远大于甲壳虫它自身的重量，其中白星花金龟的联接强度最高；最后通过几何建模，对联接机构进行运动模拟仿真及结构有限元分析，证明了甲虫鞘翅联接机构的特殊性和高效性。

Of or belonging to the insect order Hemiptera, which includes the true bugs of the suborder Heteroptera and their allies of the suborder Homoptera, characterized by piercing or sucking mouthparts and two pairs of wings.

半翅目的半翅目昆虫的，这类昆虫包括异翅亚目昆虫及同翅亚目昆虫，其特征是具有锐利或吮吸的口器，有两对翅膀

The orders with high species richness were Hymenoptera (168 species), Diptera (90 species), Coleoptera (44 species), Homoptera (26 species), Hemiptera (23 species), Araneida (18 species) and Lepidoptera (12 species).

棉田节肢动物物种较丰富的目为膜翅目(168种)、双翅目(90种)、鞘翅目(44种)、同翅目(26种)、半翅目(23种)、蜘蛛目(18种)和鳞翅目(12种)，棉田物种数最多的科为姬蜂科和姬小蜂科，分别有22和21个物种。

The results were:The main morphological difference were that the color of squama, median fascia, reniform stigma, orbicular stigma, the part between postmedian fascia and subterminal fascial and terminal hair on forewings, hindwings, terminal hair on hindwings, and the color of skin under squama on obdomen were black, and the color of pupa was also black, and the color of hair on dorsal thorax and obdomen were white.

结果表明： JBM和JBW的主要形态区别表现在成虫前翅上鳞片、中横线、肾状纹、环状纹、外横线及亚外缘线之间的部分、前翅缘毛、后翅、后翅缘毛、腹部鳞毛下的皮肤颜色以及蛹体色等发生了黑化，成虫胸背毛颜色以及腹部毛颜色发生"白化"。

Any of a breed of goldfish having a wide, fanlike double tail fin.

双翅目的数翅目科的或与双翅目相关的；双翅目的

The suboptimal thermoperiod was 15℃/25℃. 2. The fresh H. ammodendron seeds had highly germination ability, and have no dormant phenomenon; The fruiting wings had significant inhibition the germination of fresh mature seed in autumn, and fruiting wings made H. ammodendron seeds maintain dormancy, but with store time extend, the effect that fruiting wings inhibited seed germination gradually alleviate, fruiting wings didn't inhibition effect of seed germination until the next spring(in 4 month).

2梭梭新采收的去翅种子不存在休眠现象，而具有很高的萌发生活力；果翅对秋天新成熟种子的萌发有显著的抑制作用，使种子处于强迫休眠状态；果翅对种子萌发的抑制作用随着贮藏时间的推移逐渐降低，到翌年春天(4月)果翅解除对种子萌发的抑制作用。

Persicum seeds was 5℃/15℃. The suboptimal thermoperiod was 15℃/25℃. 2. The fresh H. ammodendron seeds had highly germination ability, and have no dormant phenomenon; The fruiting wings had significant inhibition the germination of fresh mature seed in autumn, and fruiting wings made H. ammodendron seeds maintain dormancy, but with store time extend, the effect that fruiting wings inhibited seed germination gradually alleviate, fruiting wings didn't inhibition effect of seed germination until the next spring(in 4 month).

2梭梭新采收的去翅种子不存在休眠现象，而具有很高的萌发生活力；果翅对秋天新成熟种子的萌发有显著的抑制作用，使种子处于强迫休眠状态；果翅对种子萌发的抑制作用随着贮藏时间的推移逐渐降低，到翌年春天(4月)果翅解除对种子萌发的抑制作用。

Leaf-feeders are the major onesJO species,35.71% of the insect pests community, Leaf-suckersare the second ones,6 species ,21.43% of the insect pests community,and insect pests of Coleoptera are the third ones,5 species ,17.86% of the insect pests community, and there are some Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera,Acarina pests. There are over 16 species of natural enemies from 12 Familias, 8 Ordos ,and 2 Classes.

其中，梨树害虫以鳞翅目Lepidoptera食叶性害虫最多，共10种，占35.71%；其次为同翅目Homoptera吸汁性害虫，共6种，占21.43%；第三大类为鞘翅目Coleoptera，共5种，占17.86%；往后是半翅目Hemiptera、膜翅目Hymenoptera、双翅目Diptera、蜱螨目Acarina的等。

A total of 19,781 insect individuals belonging to 959 morphospecies, 145 families and 15 orders were collected. The most abundant orders were Diptera (69.68%), Homoptera (11.19%) and Hymenoptera (10.10%). At the family level, Chironomidae (17.67%), Mycetophilidae (12.32%), Cicadellidae (8.32%), Ceratopogonidae (7.56%), Sciaridae (7.39%) and Cecidomyiidae (5.81%) were the most abundant taxa. Although there were little differences in similarity among the three sampling plots, the dominant orders and families in theses plots differed. The meadow had the highest diversity while the spruce forest had the lowest diversity.

结果：三样区共采集到19，781只昆虫，分属15目、145科、959个形态种；各目的组成百分比，以双翅目(69.68%)、同翅目(11.19%)及膜翅目(10.10%)最为优势；在科的类阶，则是以摇蚊科(17.67%)、蕈蚋科(12.32%)、叶蝉科(8.32%)、糠蚊科(7.56%)、黑翅蕈蚋科(7.39%)及瘿蚋科(5.81%)为优势类群；三个样区的相似度差异不大，但是优势类群则不相同；无论丰度、均匀度及多样性指标，箭竹草原样区均高过於云杉林样区及铁杉林样区。

Fruit dorsally compressed; dorsal ribs filiform, prominent, narrowly winged, lateral broadly winged, wings more than 2 × width of dorsal wings; vittae 1–2 in each furrow, 2–4 on commissure.

背的果压扁；背棱丝状，突出，狭翅，侧面具宽翅，翅超过2 倍的背翅的宽度；油管1-2在每棱槽，2-4在合生面上。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。