翅

Seeds uniseriate or subbiseriate, wingless, margined, or winged, oblong, ovoid, or orbicular, plump or slightly flattened; seed coat reticulate, rarely tuberculate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent.

种子单列的或subbiseriate，无翅，边缘，或具翅，长圆形，卵球形，或圆形，肥厚的或稍扁平；种皮网状，很少具瘤，不黏什么时候弄湿；子叶依着。

The taxonomic system is very different from the one used widespreadly by foreign scholars. The taxonomic status and the phylogentic relationships among the five families Catantopidae, Acrididae, Oedipodidae, Arcypteridae, Gomphoceridae is the main controversy. In order to provide enough proofs for improving the taxonomic system, it is necessary to study the phylogeny of five families of Acridoidea based on molecular markers.

但此分类系统与国外所用的分类系统差别较大，争论的焦点在于斑腿蝗科、剑角蝗科、斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科5个科的分类地位及其相互关系，因此我们从分子水平上探讨这5科的系统发育关系，为完善蝗总科分类系统提供一些必要的证据。

The Acridoidea is generally divided into 8 families by Chinese scholars, Pamphagidae, Chrotogonidae, Pyrgomorphidae, Catantopidae, Acrididae, Oedipodidae, Arcypteridae, Gomphoceridae.

我国分类学家通常把中国蝗总科分为8个科：癞蝗科、瘤锥蝗科、锥头蝗科、斑腿蝗科、剑角蝗科、斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科。

For allopatric species, asymmetric ethological isolation was apparent in crosses between O. chinensis formosana and O. yezoensis: females of O . chinensis formosana readily accepted males of O. yezoensis, but females of O. yezoensis show reluctance to males of O. chinensis formosana; howe ver, in either reciprocal cross sperms were transferred.

分布不重叠的中华稻蝗台湾亚种与小翅稻蝗之间，小翅稻蝗的雌虫与中华稻蝗台湾亚种雄虫的交配率显著低于种内交配，反向交配时则和种内交配率无显著差异；正反交配都能完成精子传送，显示出不对称、不完全的行为隔离，而无机械隔离的存在。

Fruit dehiscent siliques or silicles, linear, oblong, obovate, obcordate, elliptic, lanceolate, or suborbicular, often apically notched, strongly angustiseptate, sessile; valves keeled, winged or wingless; replum rounded; septum complete, membranous, translucent, veinless; style obsolete or prominent, exserted or included in apical notch of fruit; stigma capitate, entire or slightly 2-lobed.

果开裂的长角果或短角果，裂爿龙骨状，具翅的或无翅；假隔膜绕行；隔膜完成，膜质，半透明，无脉；花柱突出，外露的或在果的顶端的凹缺内包括的废退的或；柱头头状，全缘的或稍2裂。

"Bee:any of several winged, hairy-bodied, usually stinging insects of the superfamily apoidea in the order Hymenoptera, including both solitary and social species and characterized by suck ing and chewing mouthparts for gathering nectar and pollen."

蜜蜂：蜜蜂总科中膜翅目的一种带翅、体附茸毛、通常螫刺的昆虫，包括独居类和群居类。它们的特点为可以用嚼吸口器采取花蜜和花粉。

Any of several winged, hairy-bodied, usually stinging insects of the superfamily Apoidea in the order Hymenoptera, including both solitary and social species and characterized by sucking and chewing mouthparts for gathering nectar and pollen.

蜜蜂：蜜蜂总科中膜翅目的一种带翅、体附茸毛、通常螫刺的昆虫，包括独居类和群居类。它们的特点为可以用嚼吸口器采取花蜜和花粉

Stamens 6, tetradynamous; filaments wingless or uni- or bilaterally winged, appendaged or not, toothed or toothless; anthers ovate or oblong, apiculate or not at apex.

雄蕊6，四强雄蕊；两侧具翅的花丝无翅或一或，附属物与否，无牙的齿或；花药卵形或长圆形，具细尖的或并非在先端。

Coleoptera adults, Araneae, Coleoptera larvae, STYLOMMATOPHORA are earthworm Head, Hymenoptera, Diptera larvae as the common group.

鞘翅目成虫、蜘蛛目、鞘翅目幼虫、柄眼目、正蚓目、膜翅目、双翅目幼虫等为常见类群。

The dominant orders were Plesiopora, Hymenoptera and Diplura, the frequent orders were Araneae, Lumbricida, Isopoda, Stylommatophora, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera, and the others were rare orders.

研究发现，大型土壤动物群落优势类群为近孔寡毛目、膜翅目和双尾目，常见类群为蜘蛛目、正蚓目、等足目、柄眼目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目和双翅目，其余类群为稀有类群。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。