翅

In the first chapter, using fragments of COI gene, we studied the phylogenetic relationships among species of five familes of Acridoidea with MP and Bayesian methods. The results were as follows:(1) Species of Acrididae, Gomphoceridae and all the Arcypterinae species of Arcypteridae are monophyletic. Species of Oedipodidae are supported as a monophyleticgroup, Ceracrinae species of Arcypteridae cluter together to make a monophyletic group. Epistaurus aberrans and Xenocatantops humilis is a phylogenetic group, Stenocatantops splendens and Hieroglyphus banian is also a phylogenetic group.

我们首先利用COI基因序列片段，使用最大简约法、贝叶斯法研究了斑腿蝗科、剑角蝗科、斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科5个科42种的系统发育关系，得到如下结果：（1）由所有网翅蝗亚科的物种与剑角蝗科绿洲蝗亚科和槌角蝗科的物种组成一个单系群；斑翅蝗科的物种组成一个单系群；网翅蝗科的竹蝗亚科的黄脊雷蓖蝗和青脊竹蝗聚在一起形成单系群；斑腿蝗科的长翅十字蝗和大斑外斑腿蝗亲缘关系较近，形成一个单系群；长角直斑腿蝗和等歧蔗蝗始终聚在一起，形成一个单系群。

Of creatures that can fly and are bloodless some are coleopterous or sheath-winged, for they have their wings in a sheath or shard, like the cockchafer and the dung-beetle; others are sheathless, and of these latter some are dipterous and some tetrapterous: tetrapterous, such as are comparatively large or have their stings in the tail, dipterous, such as are comparatively small or have their stings in front.

一些能飞并且无血的动物是鞘翅类动物，因为它们把翅膀藏在鞘中，像是金龟子和蜣螂；一些是无鞘的，后面一类中一些是双翅的，一些是四翅的：四翅的，就像是那些相对较大的，或者刺在尾部的；双翅的，就像是相对较小的，或者刺在前方的。

Of, relating to, or belonging to the Diptera, a large order of insects that includes the true flies and mosquitoes, characterized by a single pair of membranous wings and a pair of club-shaped balancing organs.

双翅目的双翅目的或与双翅目（是一个昆虫大目，包括真正的蝇、蚊，具有少数前翅有功能，后翅退化成一对小棒状构造的特性）相关的

This new genus is rather similar to Hemeroscopus Pritykina,1977, but differs from the latter in the following characters:(1) hindwing anal loop is smaller, only with 6-7 cells;(2) Rspl is absent;(3) the hindwing vein CuAa is curved and has five distinct posterior branches;(4) the forewing MP is not shortened, reaching the posterior wing margin slightly beyond the level of the nodus;(5) pterostigmata more distinctly braced;(6) the hindwing area between MP and CuAa is narrow, with only one row of cells near the discoidal triangle.

新属与巴依萨昼蜓HemeroscopusPritykina，1977在形态上比较相似，但在演化程度上更为原始，主要体现在下面几个方面：(1)后翅臀套较小，仅有 6～ 7个翅室；(2 )径增脉缺；(3)后翅CuAa脉弯曲，带有 5个明显的后分支；(4 )前翅MP脉不显短，终止于翅后缘近翅结处；(5 )翅痣下有一个明显的支脉；(6 )后翅CuAa和MP域基部较窄，在三角室下方仅有 1排翅室。

This thesis focuses on beetle Cybister tripunctatus in addition to some other species of beetles and studied the elytron's micro-structure. We found that there are many concaves、hollows and holes on its structure; the configuration of this material is compound samdwich; the linkage-structure between elytra adopts the concave-protuberant mesh joint with some bristle.

本文以东方龙虱为重点研究对象，并综合了四个科的十个物种，通过对甲虫鞘翅微结构的观测，发现东方龙虱鞘翅表面遍布着很小的凹坑；从其鞘翅断面来看，内部存在着许多空腔和孔道结构，而且甲虫鞘翅是复合层状结构；对鞘翅间联接处研究发现，联接机构采用了凹凸啮合结构，在局部区域存在微小毛刺和突起结构来增加摩擦接触。

Wings long and narrow, following the edge of forewing white yellow corrugated tortuous three times, when closure was两翅three adjacent diamond-shaped plaque.

翅狭长，前翅后缘呈黄白色三度曲折的波纹，两翅合拢时呈三个接连的菱形斑。

Wings blackish-brown with two conspicuous ground-yellow maculae on the median cell of forewing and S-shaped outer transversal line with ground-yellow reached two-thirds of posterior margin, and hindwing with a small brownish-black spot on the center of upper and lower surfaces. Average wingspan 24.64 ± 0.58 mm (range = 20.50-28.00mm), and male adults averaged 8.56 ± 0.18 mm long (range = 7.50-9.20mm) by 3.85±0.12 mm wide (range = 3.50-4.80mm).

雄成虫，体长8.56±0.18mm(范围7.50～9.20mm)，翅展24.64±0.58mm(范围20.50～28.00mm)；触角长度不超过前翅的1／2；前翅正面由黑褐色鳞片组成翅的底色，中室端横脉内有一较大的土黄色或桔黄色斑纹，外横线明显、土黄色、从翅前缘伸至后缘呈反"s"形弯曲，到达后缘2／3处；后翅中部有黑褐色小斑。

His nose, I feel a little sharp,鼻翅no meat, no malar stay Hu .., upper lip, after there was a trace of damage, I dare not face up to two pairs of ...

他的鼻子高挺，感觉稍为锋利，鼻翅无肉，无颧，留胡。。，上唇有一道破损后的痕迹，两眼对我不敢正视。。。

Wing bud differentiation initiated at the early 5th nymphal instar, during which the front wing bud cells in the macropterous proliferated much more rapidly than those in the brachypterous. The hinder wing buds of the brachypterous degeneratd at middle 5th instar and finally turned out to be very little wings.

在5龄初始时才发生翅芽发育的分化，之后，短翅型若虫的前翅芽细胞增殖速度明显慢于长翅型，到五龄末期，细胞数量积累明显少于长翅型，短翅型的后翅芽在5龄中期开始退化变短，羽化后变成一个退化的小翅。

Wings blackish-brown with two conspicuous ground-yellow maculae on the median cell of forewing and S-shaped outer transversal line with ground-yellow reached two-thirds of posterior margin, and hindwing with a small brownish-black spot on the center of upper and lower surfaces. Average wingspan 24.64 ± 0.58 mm (range = 20.50-28.00mm), and male adults averaged 8.56 ± 0.18 mm long (range = 7.50-9.20mm) by 3.85±0.12 mm wide (range = 3.50-4.80mm).

雄成虫，体长8.56±0.18mm(范围7.50～9.20mm)，翅展24.64±0.58mm(范围20.50～28.00mm)；触角长度不超过前翅的1／2；前翅正面由黑褐色鳞片组成翅的底色，中室端横脉内有一较大的土黄色或桔黄色斑纹，外横线明显、土黄色、从翅前缘伸至后缘呈反&s&形弯曲，到达后缘2／3处；后翅中部有黑褐色小斑。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。