羧基化

The results of clinical assessment showed that levosimendan was safe and effective which could improve the prognosis of the patients and kept normal blood kinetics. By improving the reported synthetic route, levosimendan was synthesized from acetanilide via eight steps of reaction.

本论文探索了左西孟旦的合成路线，对文献报道的合成工艺进行了合理有效的改进，以乙酰苯胺为原料，最终经Friedel-Crafts反应，羰基α-位溴代，丙二酸二乙酯缩合，水解，脱羧，环合，拆分及重氮化加成等八步反应合成了左西孟旦。

After esterification, the ethyl-2-chloro-3-phenylpropionate reacts with diethyl malonate under the catalysis of sodium ethylate, and we obtain the corresponding triethyl ester. The-benzylsuccinic acid is formed by the triethyl ester reacting with concentrate hydrochloric acid and taking place hydrolyzation and decarboxylation reaction at the same time. In order to avoid the formation of cinnamic acid, the sodium ethylate and diethyl malonate must be react sufficiently. The course has simple operation, inexpensive materials and better yield.

具体制备工艺为：首先以L-苯丙氨酸为原料采用重氮化方法得到-2-氯-3-苯基丙酸，再经酯化得到-2-氯-3-苯基丙酸乙酯后在乙醇钠催化作用下和丙二酸二乙酯缩合，发生SN2反应，得到相应的三乙酯，然后经水解和脱羧，得到-苄基丁二酸；在实验中乙醇钠要和丙二酸二乙酯充分反应，避免生成肉桂酸乙酯；该过程操作简单，原料便宜，产率较高，总收率可达到26.8%。

Studies on Acetalization of Litsea Cubeba Oil with Glycol Catalyzed by Dealuminated USY;3. on the esterification and acetalization reactions was discussed.

通过酯化反应和缩醛化反应，考察了含硅二烃基锡二芳香羧酸酯在有机反应中的催化活性，讨论了催化剂用量、反应时间和溶剂等因素对催化反应的影响。

In addition,α-alkenoyl ketene--acetals mainly used as the synthons of 3C and 5C, theα-functionalized reactions of which just limited on some simple reactions, as bromination, nitration, acetylation. However, the understanding of the forming of C-C bond atα-position is far from enough.

另外，对于α-烯酰基二硫缩烯酮的研究则主要集中在其作为3C或5C合成子的研究上，其α-位的官能化研究只是停留在溴化、硝化、脱羧等简单的反应之上，而对α-位C-C键的形成还缺乏足够的认识。

Novel sodium 2-2-(alkylaryloxy-alkylamidoethanesulfonates (m+nAr-T, m, n: carbon numbers; Ar: aromatic nucleus; T: taurine) with high purity were synthesized through bromization, esterification, Fries rearrangement, Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation, Williamson reaction, and acylation, et al, using carboxylic acid, phenol and taurine as starting materials. The structures and purities were characterized.

以羧酸、苯酚和牛磺酸为原料，通过溴代反应、酯化反应、Fries重排反应、催化氢化反应、Williamson反应以及催化酰胺化反应等过程，首次成功合成并表征了系列结构明确的高纯度N-酰基牛磺酸钠(m+nAr-T，m、n为烷基链碳数，Ar为芳环，T表示taurine)。

This dissertation is mainly focused on the reactivity of methylenecyclopropanes and comprises six parts. 1 The reactions of methylenecyclopropanes with phenylsulfenyl chloride, phenylselenyl chloride and diphenyl diselenide; 2 The coupling reactions of the ring-opening products derivated from methylenecyclopropanes; 3 The palladium-catalyzed ring-enlargement of mono-aryl group substituted methylenecyclopropanes to cyclobutenes. 4 The gold-catalyzed domino ring-opening and ring-closing hydroamination of methylenecyclopropanes with sulfonamides; 5 The Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions of mono-aryl group substituted methylenecyclopropanes with diethyl ketomalonate in the presence of water; 6 The iodobenzene diacetate mediated novel 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of methylenecyclopropanes, vinylidenecyclopropanes, and methylenecyclobutane with phthalhydrazine.

本论文主要研究了亚甲基环丙烷类化合物的一些化学反应性能，共由以下六部分组成：1、亚甲基环丙烷类化合物与苯硫氯、苯硒氯及二苯基二硒的反应；2、亚甲基环丙烷类化合物开环产物的偶联反应；3、单芳基取代的亚甲基环丙烷类化合物在钯催化剂作用下的扩环反应；4、金化合物催化磺酰胺对亚甲基环丙烷类化合物的串联开环关环氨氢化反应；5、路易斯酸催化亚甲基环丙烷类化合物与丙酮二羧酸二乙酯在有水存在下的反应；6、醋酸碘苯促进的亚甲基环丙烷类化合物、亚乙烯基环丙烷类化合物及亚甲基环丁烷类化合物与邻苯二甲酰肼的新型1，3-偶极环加成反应。

CNTs were first pre-treated using acid solution (HNO3) to obtain CNTs functionalized with carboxylic groups. Subsequently, the stearyl alcohol was grafted onto CNT with the assistance of dehydrating agent, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide. Excellent dispersion in organic solvents such as acetone, THF, and chloroform was found for the modified CNTs (CNT-C18). In addition, the PBS/CNTs nanocomposites were then prepared through simple melt-blending. Mechanical properties, thermal behavior, conductivity of resultant polymer/CNT composites were investigated. The results show that excellent dispersion of nanotubes in the PBS matrices was achieved.

为了增加多壁奈米碳管在复合材料中的分散性，将碳管表面进行化学修饰，首先将多壁奈米碳管浸入HNO3溶液中，进行酸化，使碳管表面带有羧酸的官能基，然后再加入十八烷醇，在温和的条件下，藉由N，N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(N，N'-dicyclohexyl- carbodiimide，DCC)脱水剂脱水，使碳管和十八烷醇之间产生酯基的化学键结，改质后的碳管可以分散在acetone、THF、chloroform…等有机溶剂中，结果显示成功的利用DCC脱水剂完成碳管的改质。

Disclosed is a polyimide resin having a glass transition temperature of 200-320 DEG C and containing a siloxane diamine residue, a fluorene diamine residue and a specific tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride residue at certain ratios.

本发明提供玻璃化转变温度为200～320℃，以特定比例含有硅氧烷系二胺残基、芴系二胺残基和特定四羧酸二酐残基的聚酰亚胺树脂。

As superplasticizer , a series of comb-shaped copolymers of polycarboxylic acid were synthesized by polyoxyethylene allyl methyl diether, maleic anhydride, and styrene with different initiators,and esterified with PEO-n.

以聚氧乙烯甲基烯丙基二醚、顺丁烯二酸酐、苯乙烯等为共聚单体，采用不同引发剂，合成了一系列聚羧酸型梳状共聚物超分散剂，并以PEO n单酯化得酯化产物，研究了共聚物的结构、组成、添加量等对水泥粒子分散性能的影响。

The result of potassium malonyloxyborohydride as a new hydroboration reagent reacts with terminal alkenes and alkynes is described.

介绍新的硼氢化试剂丙二酰氧基硼氢化钾与链端烯炔烃的作用，烯烃的硼氢化物在PTC条件下，插入∶CCl2 ，可得饱和羧酸；炔烃则难以与之硼氢化。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。