群落发生

The main factors and temporal patterns which influenced arthropod community in the course of time change divided obviously.

在时间变化过程中，影响节肢动物群落的主导因素和时间格局分化明显，将间作苜蓿棉田节肢动物群落在时间动态中的变化分为5个阶段，并结合气候、物候变化，分析了各阶段内主要害虫和天敌的发生特点。

The whole reef-building process is closely related to occurrence and development of the metazoan reef-building communities.

群落的整体面貌、生态体系都是由群落内的关键种所决定的，如果将群落内起到核心作用的物种从群落内移走，那么群落的性质，生物的组成和功能都将发生变化。

A low level of disturbance can not bring the obvious changes to the subaerial algae in community interior, intermediate disturbance can increase the species quatities of subaerial algae, but can not change the dominant species of algae community, while the serious or repeated disturbance may alter both the component of species and the dominant species, that is species quatities decrease, and dominant species change.

局部小范围的干扰或轻度干扰不会对群落内部亚生藻类的种类组成产生明显影响；中度干扰可使群落内部的亚气生藻类的种类明显增加，但藻类群落的优势种不会改变；而重度干扰下，植物群落内的亚气生藻类的种类组成及优势种均会发生重大变化，种类数量减少，优势种改变。

The result indicated that: with the change of ecological factors and intensification of human activities,strong stability of grassland community structure of the local alpine meadow type along the highway in this region was found,proportion of medium xerophilous、rhizomous grass increased;alpine grassland community had relatively low stability,grassland community successed naturally to adapt to the new environment;...

结果显示：随着生态因子发生变化和人类活动的加剧，该区公路沿线高寒草甸类草地群落结构表现出了较强的稳定性，中旱生耐旱的根茎型禾草比重有所增加；高寒草原植物群落稳定性相对较差，草地群落为适应新的生境而发生了自然演替；沼泽化草甸亚类草地植物群落中群落伴生种的种类增加，优势种嵩草属植物在群落中的比重有所下降。

Species richness and Pielou evenness index were used to measure species diversity. Species richness in polluted area was 32-67, while in control area it was 47-82. Pielou evenness index of tree layer was 0.1161-0.8509, while those of shrub layer and herb layer were 0.1763-0.3249 and 0.0443-0.2601, respectively. The results showed that both species richness and Pielou evenness index were influenced by the point source pollution. Species importance values showed significant differences between polluted area and control area. Dominance of different species had changed, and some species even disappeared under the pressure of pollution, indicating a process of species replacement in plant communities. Such species replacement can provide a scientific basis for species selection for restoration of human-damaged ecosystem. The natural regeneration of Quercus variabilis was insensitive to pollution, while Cupressus funebris was effected seriously.

仅在污染区中出现的物种数量远低于仅在对照区中出现的物种数量；(2)可分出4种基本的群落类型：马尾松林、柏木林、栓皮栎林和马尾松＋栓皮栎林，各群落特定层次的物种丰富度指数以及Pielou均匀度指数在污染区与对照区之间存在显著差异；(3)污染胁迫下，物种在群落中的生态优势度发生了变化，反映了群落中不同物种相互替代的过程，这种物种的替代可为今后受损生态系统人为恢复过程中物种的筛选提供一定的理论参考；(4)对群落中王要物种更新的调查发现：栓皮栎林对污染不敏感；柏木林污染区与对照区幼苗数量及分布格局均有明显差异，污染条件下群落未来演替受到严重干扰。

From Imperata cylindrical community to bare land,species of plants changed greatly, the importance value of annual herbaceous plants increased gradually and the importance value of perennial herbaceous plants went down gradually. The number of companion species went down gradually, the species richness and plant diversity index reduced. Community structure was from complex to simple.

从白茅群落到光板地，植物的种类发生了较大变化，一年生草本植物的重要值逐渐升高，多年生草本植物的重要值逐渐降低，群落中伴生种的数量逐渐降低，物种丰富度及多样性指数减少，群落结构由复杂到简单。

Based on a systematic field investigation and laboratory experiments, the structures of arthropod communities and the evalution of dominant predatory enemies in cabbage fields of different seasons were studied. The main results were as follows:1 The structures and their dynamics of arthropod communities in cabbage fields1.1 Species composition and population dynamics of each species of the arthropodcommunities in the cabbage fieldsThe research results showed that the occurrence of Pieris rapae in spring cabbage fields was relatively grave.

本文在田间系统调查和室内试验的基础上，对不同季节甘蓝田节肢动物群落结构及捕食性天敌优势种的评价进行了研究，主要结果如下：1甘蓝田节肢动物群落结构及其动态1.1节肢动物群落物种构成和各种群数量动态研究结果表明，春甘蓝田菜青虫的发生比较严重，菜青虫在调查期间种群数量呈上升趋势，5月初高峰期平均每株甘蓝接近20头；菜蚜与小菜蛾的发生相对较轻，菜蚜在5月中旬有个明显高峰。

The results of research on community structure through the response of microbes in mangrove swamp under PAHs stress revealed that different changes of microbial community structure had occurred in different concentrations of Phe, Pyr, Flu, Bap and M-PAHs.

不同浓度的PAHs对红树林沉积物中的微生物群落结构的影响不同，较高浓度的PAHs对微生物群落结构的影响也较大，同时在高浓度的PAHs胁迫下，微生物群落结构发生改变的响应时间也较短。

In the practice it plays an important part in insect surveys, the choice of grain method, the improvement of grain storage level, the extension of storage time and the delay of grain quality deterioration. 1 Research on stored product insects in large warehouse 1.1 Community composition and structure analysis of stored product insects in large warehouse By means of GJ89 type probe trap investigation of stored grain insects and analysis of community composition and structure of large warehouse were carried out in Chongqing Beibei State Grain Reserve Depot. The results showed that there were main Lipocelis botrychophilus、 Cryptolestes ferrugineus、 Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Sitophilus zeamais etc in large warehouse

高大平房仓储粮昆虫生态学研究 1.1 高大平房仓散装储粮昆虫群落组成及结构分析使用GJ89型粮虫陷阱检测器对中央储备粮重庆北碚直属库高大平房仓储粮昆虫进行系统调查，并对其群落组成及结构进行了分析，结果表明高大平房仓储粮昆虫主要有书虱Lipocelis botrychophilus、锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus、腐食酪螨Tyrophagus putrescentiae和玉米象Sitophilus zeamais等4类，其中书虱为绝对优势种群；在粮堆垂直方向0～50cm 4类昆虫发生最多，100～150cm发生最少；4类昆虫在粮面0～50cm丰富度、优势度、多样性及均匀度4项指标均高于50～100cm和100～150cm，水平方向6个区域各项指标差异不大。

While effect of disturbance was preponderated over the range of community fluctuation,clim...

在干扰力的作用大于波动的振幅时，顶极群落发生明显退化，群落退化度逐渐增大。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。