群落

The study aimed to discuss the cycle and enrichment characteristics of Spartina alterniflora community on heavy metal elements.

［目的］探讨互花米草群落对重金属元素的循环和富集特征。

The results indicate that （1） Squarrose agriophyUurnand sweet wormwoodwere two main kinds of pioneer plants even to form dominated community.

结果表明：①沙蓬和黄花蒿首先占据退耕地，甚至可形成单优群落。

Complexity and diversity of plant species, some species tend to constitute a layer of film in various communities, or dominant plant , such as Lauraceae GUI shell is thick, Chen hook camphor, Euphorbiaceae large sand leaves, Yunnan big-leaf sand, the Sterculia Sterculiaceae, etc..

植物种类复杂多样、某些种属往往构成各个群落或层片的优势植物，如樟科的厚桂壳属、陈氏钩樟、大戟科的大砂叶、云南大叶砂、梧桐科之假苹婆等。

The plants on desert steppe exhibited the strongest xeromorphic characteristics, and 3 species of Stipa on the desert steppe had abundant genetic polymorphism.

荒漠草原区的植物是旱生程度最强的一类草原群落，该区的3种针茅具有丰富的遗传多态性。

Stipa krylovii ; Community primary productivity ; seasonal distribution of precipitation ; integral regression model

克氏针茅；群落初级生产力；降水量季节分配；积分回归模型

3Started with the ecosystem structure and function, constructed the index system of grassland ecosystem health evaluation. And selected eight quantitative and two qualitative indices, including the production, community coverage, litter biomass, excellent forage proportion, forage crude protein, soil compaction, soil organic matter, soil microbial biomass nitrogen and dominance species and life form synusia composition, as the sensitive indices of typical steppe health evaluation.

3从生态系统结构与功能入手，构建出典型草原健康评价的指标体系，并进一步筛选出典型草原健康评价的敏感指标包括草地产草量、群落盖度、地表凋落物、优良牧草比例、牧草粗蛋白、土壤紧实度、土壤有机质、土壤微生物量氮8项定量指标以及优势物种组成和生活型层片构成2项定性指标作为典型草原健康评价指标。

Meso phanerophytes and micro phanerophytes are main composing plant of arbor synusia in the area.In synusia structure,except for the warm shrubs,frost flora all have arbor synusia,shrub synusia,herbage synusia and lichen synusia.The evergreen broad leaved meso phanerophytessynusia dominates the arbor layer .

在层片结构上，森林植物群落除暖性灌丛外，都具有乔木层层片、灌木层层片、草本层层片和苔藓地被层层片，常绿阔叶中高位芽层片为乔木层主要层片，并多构成群落的建群层片。

The major dominant species of predatory enemies were Erigonidium graminicola and Theridion octomaculatum and their individuals were 81.4 percent of the total predatory enemy individuals of the community.1.2 Spatial patterns and their dynamics of major dominant predatory enemies ofarthropod communityThe research results showed that Pieris rapae distributed mainly on heart leaves and back of inner leaves of cabbage plants, Plutella xylostella distributed mainly on the back of cabbage leaves and Lipaphis erysimi distributed widely in cabbage plants. Among the major dominant species of predatory enemies, Sitticus sinensis distributed mainly on the front of leaves of cabbage plants in spring cabbage fields, and Misumenopos tricuspidata and Propylaea japonica distributed widely in cabbage plants.

在捕食性天敌中蜘蛛10种，捕食性昆虫3种，主要优势种为草间小黑蛛、八斑球腹蛛，其数量占捕食性天敌总数量的81.4%。1.2节肢动物群落主要优势种的空间格局及其动态研究结果表明，害虫优势种菜青虫主要分布于甘蓝心叶和甘蓝叶反面，小菜蛾主要集中分布在甘蓝叶的反面，而菜蚜在甘蓝植株内的分布较广；春甘蓝田捕食性天敌优势种中华跃蛛在外层叶正面分布较集中，三突花蛛与瓢虫类在甘蓝植株内的分布较广。

Based on investigation, the community characteristics of Tilia miqueliana in Baohua Mt. were analyzed.

根据野外调查结果，分析宝华山天然南京椴群落特征。

The scope of Tilia miqueliana is limited in Mahuangkeng of Taohua Island and Maocaowulengkeng of Damao Island.

南京椴Tilia miqueliana分布范围更是有限，主要分布在桃花岛蚂蝗坑和定海区大猫岛茅草屋冷坑，呈群落分布，共有结果母树170余株，每年种子产量极少，能采到的种子只有0.25 kg左右。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。